Pathology of restrictive lung disease Flashcards
what is the intersitum of the lungs
connective tissue space around the airways and vessels. And the space between the basement membranes of the alveolar wall
would a CXR of a patient with restrictive lung disease be normal or abnormal
abnormal as it would show lung restriction
what is ARDS
lungs become severely inflamed as a result of an infection or injury. The inflammation causes fluid from nearby blood vessels to leak into the tiny air sacs in your lungs, making breathing increasingly difficult.
what are the clinical symptoms of restrictive (interstitial) lung disease
reduced lung compliance
low FEV1 and FVC
reduced gas transfer
V/Q mismatch
does interstitial lung disease limit airflow
no airflow limitation
what happens to the lung when it undergoes diffuse alveolar damage (DAD)
edema in response to injury
hyaline membrane forms
later interstitial inflammation and fibrosis are seen
what are restrictive lung diseases characterized by
reduction in FRC
what is the end stage of interstitial lung disease
fibrosis of the lung this is irreversible
what are some histological features of DADS
protein rich oedema
fibrin
hyaliine membranes
denuded basement membranes
what cells proliferate in DADS
epithelial proliferation
fibroblast proliferation
what is sarcoidosis
idiopathic inflammatory disease induced by Th cells which leads to granulomas-very common in the lungs
what is the typical clinical presentation of sarcoidosis in a young adult
acute arthralgia
erythema nodosum
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
what are the symptoms a patient may report if they have sarcoidosis
SOB
cough
joint pain (acute arthralgia)
what serum test can be did to diagnose sarcoidosis
ca in blood
ACE enzyme in blood
what is hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Hypersensitivity inflammatory reaction to a breathed in antigen. leads to inflammation in the lungs
what are 2 thermophillic actinomycetes that can cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Micropolyspora faeni
Thermoactinomyces vulgaris
what types of hypersensitivity reaction is hypersensitivity pneumonia
type 3 and 5
what is the typical acute presentation of HP
fever dry cough myalgia
chills
crackles tachyopnoea wheeze
percipitating anti body
what is the typical chronic presentation of HP
malaise SOB cough
crackles some wheeze
insidious
what is Usual interstitial pneumonitis (aka idiopathic lung disease)
progressive scarring of the lungs due to repeated injury to alveoli epithelium
what disease are proliferating fibroblastic foci found in
usual interstitial pneumonitis
what age group of people present with UPI
the elderly
what symptoms would a patient with IPF present with
dyspnoea cough basal crackles cyanosis clubbing
what is the prognosis for IPF
most dead within 5 years
