Sleep And EEG Flashcards
What structure in the brain is thought to regulate circadian rhythm?
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
What complex activates the Period and Crypto-chrome genes?
BMAL1/CLOCK complex
How does this feedback loop work?
BMAL1/Clock increases at night and then will activate the PER and CRY genes and they are going during the day. Sufficient levels of PER and CRY will negatively feedback BMAL1.
The circadian rhythm is such that two sets of neurons are firing at what two times of the day?
Sunset and sunrise
How many hours is a day for SCN?
25
How does our brain know its day/light and night/dark?
It uses the retino hypothalamic tract. Eyes to the hypothalamus.
Glutamate is the NT for light and Melatonin is the NT for dark.
What are the 5 normal waves of EEG?
Alpha, beta, gamma, theta and delta
What is the rate, volts, and characterization of alpha waves?
8-13
50
Quiet wakefulness like you are thinking. Eyes closed.
What brain location do we most frequently see alpha waves, what happens to them during sleep, what connection is required for them, and what type of neuron is in charge of the neuronal activity of alpha waves?
Occipital cortex.
Disappear during sleep
Thalamus cortex connection
Gabaergic neurons
Rate, voltage and characterization of beta waves?
14-80
Less than 50
Alert wakefulness with eyes open
What is the signaling event that shifts us from alpha waves to beta waves in the EEG?
Open eyes and have sensory input
Where are beta wave most prevalent, and where is a second location we find them?
Frontal cortex
Parietal cortex
Rate and characterization of gamma waves?
30-80
Individual is aroused or focused on something.
Rate, voltage and characterization of theta waves?
4-7
100 volts
Normal in kids over parietal and frontal cortex
In adults, may occur in frustration or disappointment
Can occur in sleep
What structure is required to produce theta waves?
Hippocampus
Rate, voltage and characterization of delta waves?
Less than 3
100-200 volts
Deep sleep in adults and infants
When we see delta waves in someone who is awake, what are we thinking?
Serious brain damage
What is very important of delta waves that is different from the other wave?
DOES NOT required thalamus to cortex connection to be produced
What two things happen to the EEG from increased mental activity?
Desynchronization and reduced amplitudes
What’s going on over the occipital region as far as activity in infancy moving to teenage years?
Slow in infancy and gradually increases with age
What 4 body conditions decrease the frequency of the alpha rhythm?
Low glucose
Low body temp
Low glucocorticoids
High arterial CO2
