Lung Tumors 1 Flashcards
What are the top 3 tumors in the lung
Carcinomas, bronchial carcinoids and mesnchymal
What are the top 4 carcinomas of the lung
Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell, small cell, and large cell
What mutation are we dealing with in adenocarcinoma
gain of function Egfr- RAS pathway
What mutation are we dealing with in small cell carcinoma
Tp53 and rb1 loss
What two mutations are going on in squamous cell carcinoma
Cdkn2a inactivation and tp53
What are the three progressions toward primary adenocarcinoma
Alveolar bronchial epi cell’s turning into atypical adenomatous hyperplasia going to adenocarcinoma in situ then to primary adenocarcinoma
What are the three progressions leading to primary squamous cell carcinoma
Bronchial epi cell’s going to squamous hyperplasia going to in situ going to primary squamous cell carcinoma
What Are the two progressions going to primary small cell carcinoma
Neuroendocrine epi cell’s going to neuroendocrine hyperplasia going to primary small cell carcinoma
What is the size of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma in situ
Less than 5 mm and less than 3 cm
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma is the most common what
Lung cancer in smokers and non smokers
What does histo show of in lung adenocarcinoma
Malignant glands invading the lung tissue
What can mimic pneumonia and why
Mucinous adenocarcinoma because it spreads via aerogenously and the entire lobe can be consolidated
What gender is more commonly affected by squamous carcinoma and what is the strong Association and what part of the lung is mostly affected
Men, smoking, central
What is the histo feature for squamous cell
Keratin pearls which are cells with tons of eosinophils in their cytoplasms
What is the cytology marker for squamous carcinoma
Orange cytoplasm equals keratin which equals squamous cell
What is small cell carcinoma always associated with and what is a unique feature of it that has treatment implications
Always associated with smoking. High rate of metastasis
Two histo features of small cell
Small cells with fine blue nuclear chromatin and necrosis
Immunochemistry of small cell demonstrates high levels of what
Bcl2
What 3 molecular tests do we do for adenocarcinoma
Egfr, all, and PDL 1
What syndrome is associated with squamous carcinoma
Hypercalcemia
What 2 syndromes are associated with small cell carcinoma
Siadh and Cushing
What does t, n and m means for staging of lung cancer
T is depth n is lymph node involvement and m is spreading
What are the 4 most common clinical symptoms of patients with lung cancer
Cough, chest pain, dyspnea and weight loss
What syndrome is associated with apical lung cancers? what are the 4 symptoms of the syndrome? What other nerve can be damaged in apical lung cancers?
Hornets syndrome. Sunken eye ball, drooping of the eyelid, small pupil and no sweating on that side of the face. Ulnar nerve.
