Respiratoty Physiolgy Review

Question 1

What is the pathway of air from the trachea to the alveolar sacs and which parts are in the conducting zone and respiratory zone?

Answer 1

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles. Those are conducting zone. Then we head into respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and then into the sacs themselves. These are in the respiratory zones.

Question 2

Two questions. Why is the alveolar barrier thin? What is the function of the type 2 cells?

Answer 2

The barrier is thin so we can maximal gas exchange. Produce surfactant.

Question 3

What is the equation for flux or diffusion?

Answer 3

J = SA * diffusion coefficient * Pressure/distance

Question 4

What is an important difference she points out about blood flow through the right and left hearts?

Answer 4

Right side pressure is lower because pulmonary resistance is much lower than systemic resistance

Question 5

Explain what is happen to alveolar pressure during inspiration and expiration?

Answer 5

At the beginning of inspiration the pressure is 0. Then during the inspiration it dips down and then comes back to 0 at the end of the inspiration. At the beginning of expiration its at 0, during expiration it climbs and then comes back to 0 at the end of expiration.

Question 6

What is going on with intra pleural pressure during inspiration and expiration?

Answer 6

Starts at -5 at the beginning of inspiration. Drops to -8 by the end of inspiration and goes back to -5 at the end of expiration.

Question 7

Which pressure wave form does volume follow and which pressure wave form does airflow follow?

Answer 7

Volume follows intra pleural and air flow follows alveolar

Question 8

What does total lung capacity equal? Two different equations could get it.

Answer 8

Inspiratory capacity and functional residual capacity.

Vital capacity and residual volume

Question 9

What equals inspiratory capacity?

Answer 9

Tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume

Question 10

What equals functional residual capacity?

Answer 10

ERV and RV

Question 11

What equals vital capacity?

Answer 11

IC and ERV.

Question 12

What is FEV1?

Answer 12

How much a person can expire in a second.

Question 13

What is FVC?

Answer 13

The largest amount of air that can be expired after a max inspiration.

Question 14

So explain how we use the FEV/FVC ratio?

Answer 14

We use it clinically to determine airway disease because you should be able to expire about 80% of your max in 1 second.

Question 15

What is normal FEV1, FVC, and ratio?

Answer 15

3.3, 4 and 83%

Question 16

What is obstructive FEV1, FVC, and ratio?

Answer 16

1,2 and 50%

Question 17

What is restrictive FEV1, FVC and ratio?

Answer 17

1.8,2 and 90%

Question 18

How do we calculate dead space?

Answer 18

It is equal to the weight of the individual in pounds.

Question 19

How do we calculate alveolar ventilation rate?

Answer 19

(Tidal volume - dead space) * respiratory rate.

Question 20

What is the x axis and y axis of oxygen hemoglobin curve?

Answer 20

Pressure of oxygen on x and saturation on y. So the higher the oxygen, the more saturation we have.

Question 21

How does CO2, hydrogen ions, and temperature effect the oxygen hemoglobin curve?

Answer 21

An increase in all 3 shift the curve to the right which means the affinity of oxygen and hemoglobin has gone down.

Question 22

What is the haldane effect?

Answer 22

Increased capacity of deoxygenated hemoglobin to bind and carry CO2.

Question 23

What are the central chemoreceptors most sensitive to?

Answer 23

CO2, which turns in hydrogen ions.

Question 24

FRC is the balancing point between what two things?

Answer 24

Elastic recoil of the lungs and the recoil of the chest wall

Question 25

What are two common ways we carry CO2?

Answer 25

Via bicarbonate and bound to hemoglobin