Respiratoty Physiolgy Review Flashcards
What is the pathway of air from the trachea to the alveolar sacs and which parts are in the conducting zone and respiratory zone?
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles. Those are conducting zone. Then we head into respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and then into the sacs themselves. These are in the respiratory zones.
Two questions. Why is the alveolar barrier thin? What is the function of the type 2 cells?
The barrier is thin so we can maximal gas exchange. Produce surfactant.
What is the equation for flux or diffusion?
J = SA * diffusion coefficient * Pressure/distance
What is an important difference she points out about blood flow through the right and left hearts?
Right side pressure is lower because pulmonary resistance is much lower than systemic resistance
Explain what is happen to alveolar pressure during inspiration and expiration?
At the beginning of inspiration the pressure is 0. Then during the inspiration it dips down and then comes back to 0 at the end of the inspiration. At the beginning of expiration its at 0, during expiration it climbs and then comes back to 0 at the end of expiration.
What is going on with intra pleural pressure during inspiration and expiration?
Starts at -5 at the beginning of inspiration. Drops to -8 by the end of inspiration and goes back to -5 at the end of expiration.
Which pressure wave form does volume follow and which pressure wave form does airflow follow?
Volume follows intra pleural and air flow follows alveolar
What does total lung capacity equal? Two different equations could get it.
Inspiratory capacity and functional residual capacity.
Vital capacity and residual volume
What equals inspiratory capacity?
Tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume
What equals functional residual capacity?
ERV and RV
What equals vital capacity?
IC and ERV.
What is FEV1?
How much a person can expire in a second.
What is FVC?
The largest amount of air that can be expired after a max inspiration.
So explain how we use the FEV/FVC ratio?
We use it clinically to determine airway disease because you should be able to expire about 80% of your max in 1 second.
What is normal FEV1, FVC, and ratio?
3.3, 4 and 83%
What is obstructive FEV1, FVC, and ratio?
1,2 and 50%
What is restrictive FEV1, FVC and ratio?
1.8,2 and 90%
How do we calculate dead space?
It is equal to the weight of the individual in pounds.
How do we calculate alveolar ventilation rate?
(Tidal volume - dead space) * respiratory rate.
What is the x axis and y axis of oxygen hemoglobin curve?
Pressure of oxygen on x and saturation on y. So the higher the oxygen, the more saturation we have.
How does CO2, hydrogen ions, and temperature effect the oxygen hemoglobin curve?
An increase in all 3 shift the curve to the right which means the affinity of oxygen and hemoglobin has gone down.
What is the haldane effect?
Increased capacity of deoxygenated hemoglobin to bind and carry CO2.
What are the central chemoreceptors most sensitive to?
CO2, which turns in hydrogen ions.
FRC is the balancing point between what two things?
Elastic recoil of the lungs and the recoil of the chest wall
What are two common ways we carry CO2?
Via bicarbonate and bound to hemoglobin
