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Respiratory Medicine > Respiratory Infections 1 > Flashcards

Respiratory Infections 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 pneumonia classifications in a clinical setting?

A

Hospital acquired, community acquired, health care associated, aspiration, chronic, immunocompromised

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2
Q

How do we classify pneumonia by anatomic distribution?

A

Broncho and lobar

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3
Q

What is the most common pathogen of community acquired bacterial pneumonia?

A

Strep pneumonia

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4
Q

What is diagnostic of strep pneumonia?

A

Numerous neutrophils with gram positive, lancet shaped diplococci

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5
Q

What are 6 additional pathogens causing community acquired pneumonia?

A

H influenza, staph aureus, klebsiella pnuemonia, PA, legionella pneumophila, mycoplasma pnuemonia

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6
Q

Why are we so worried about h influenza pneumonia?

A

This is an emergency is Peds.

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7
Q

What is the MOA in h influenza pneumonia?

A

Airway obstruction as the smaller bronchi are plugged with dense fibrin exudates with neutrophils

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8
Q

The book mentions h influenza being the most common cause of what>

A

Bacterial exacerbation of COPD

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9
Q

What is the second most common cause of bacterial exacerbated COPD?

A

M catarrhalis

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10
Q

What patient population do we normally find m catarrhalis pneumonia?

A

Elderly

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11
Q

What is the triad of pathogens causing otitis media in kids?

A

Strep pneumonia, h influenza, and m catarrhalis

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12
Q

What patient population is at high risk for getting pneumonia caused by staph aureus and what are two complications?

A

IV drug users.

Lung abscess and empyema.

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13
Q

What is the most frequent cause of gram negative pneumonia?

A

Klebsiella

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14
Q

What patient population is at risk for klebsiella pneumonia and what is the hallmark clinical feature?

A

Chronic alcoholics. Thick, mucous, bloody sputum. Currant jelly looking.

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15
Q

What two patient populations are at risk for getting PA pneumonia?

A

Cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised

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16
Q

What type of bacteria is legionella pneumonia and what environment does it grow in?

A

Gram negative bacillus. Artificial water environments like AC units, hot tubs.

17
Q

What are the two modes of transmission with legionella and what patient populations are at risk to get legionella pneumonia?

A

Inhaled or aspirated.

Individual with predisposing conditions such as cardiac, renal, immunologic or hematologic problems.

18
Q

Bacterial pneumonia has two patterns of anatomic distribution, what are they and what is the difference between the two?

A

Broncho and lobar. broncho is more patchy consolidation of the lung and lobar is either a large portion of a lobe or the entire lobe.

19
Q

With all this in mind, what is the most important clinical standpoint when dealing with pneumonia, 2 things?

A

Figure out what agent is causing it and determine the extent of the disease as it presents to you.

20
Q

What are the 4 stages of the inflammatory response in lobar pneumonia and briefly describe each one?

A

Stage 1: congestion. Lung is heavy, boggy, and red because of vascular engorgement.
Stage 2: red hepatization. Exudate of neutrophils, RBCs, and fibrin escape to alveolar spaces.
Stage 3: gray hepatization. Still exudate, but no more RBCs so we go from red color to gray.
Stage 4: Resolution: fibrosis and macrophages clean up.

21
Q

What are 3 complications with lobar pneumonia?

A

Abscess, empyema, and bacteremia

22
Q

What are the 3 main clinical symptoms of a patient with community acquired pneumonia?

A

Fever, chills and productive cough

23
Q

What are the 3 top dogs causing community acquired viral pneumonia?

A

Influenza, SARS and respiratory syncytial viruses

24
Q

What are the 3 influenza virus types causing community acquired pneumonia?

A

A, B, and H1N1

25
Q

What are the two most important proteins to know about influenza virus and what do they do?

A

Hemagluttin allows the virus to attach itself to cells. Neuraminidase allows for the release of replicated virus from host cells.

26
Q

What are 6 common symptoms with influenza virus causing havoc in a patient?

A

Fever, chills, weakness/fatigue, abrupt symptoms, aches, headache

27
Q

What is the difference between an antigenic drift vs. an antigenic shift?

A

Drift is epidemic. Minor changes in the virus so at least some in the population are still immune. Shift is major changes in the virus to where nobody is immune to whatever new virus form is now present.

28
Q

What is the cause of SARS and where did it originate?

A

Caused by coronavirus and it originated in china

29
Q

How do we differentiate other respiratory infections caused by coronavirus vs. SARS?

A

It also infects lower respiratory tract and can spread to the body where the other infections stay upper respiratory

Respiratory Medicine (27 decks)

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