Lung Tumors 2

Question 1

What are three causes of neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia in the lung?

Answer 1

Airway fibrosis, airway inflammation and DIPNECH

Question 2

How do you tell DIPNECH apart from carcinoid tumor?

Answer 2

DIPNECH is less than 5 mm in size and carcinoid tumors are greater than 5 mm in size. Also carcinoid tumors can metastasize

Question 3

What grade is a carcinoid tumor?

Answer 3

NE carcinoma grade 1

Question 4

What are the two types of carcinoid tumors?

Answer 4

Typical and atypical

Question 5

3 distinguishing features of atypical carcinoid tumors vs. typical?

Answer 5

Increased mitotic activity, necrosis and disordered growth.

Question 6

What is the clinical triad of carcinoid syndrome?

Answer 6

Flushing, diarrhea and cyanosis

Question 7

Carcinoid tumors arise in two fashions, what are they?

Answer 7

Either centrally in the lung or peripherally

Question 8

What do they central ones look like and where are they centrally?

Answer 8

Finger like projections in the lumen of the bronchus. Some can penetrate the branchial wall and have the so called collar button lesion.

Question 9

What are the 3 misc. tumors she wants us to know?

Answer 9

Lung hamartoma, LAM, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor

Question 10

What is the classic CT scan image of pulmonary hamartoma?

Answer 10

Coin lesion

Question 11

What gender is LAM affecting the most, what do the tumors cells express (what kind of cells, 2), and what condition does it sometimes present with?

Answer 11

Female. Smooth muscle and melanoma. Pneumothorax.

Question 12

How do we characterize LAM and what is the associated mutation?

Answer 12

Proliferation of cells creating cystic spaces.

TSC2