Ears Flashcards
Otitis media is commonly caused by what type of pathogen?
Viral
When it is bacteria, what are the top 3 most common bacteria causing acute otitis media?
Strep pneumonia, h influenza and moraxella catarrhalis.
What are the top 2 bacteria causing chronic otitis media?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and staph aureus
What can chronic otitis media lead to and how do we characterize it?
Cholesteatomas. Cyst that is lined with squamous epi.
What is otosclerosis, where it is found normally, and what is the
Abnormal bone deposition at the stapedial footplate which leads to conductive hearing loss as the primary problem.
What are 3 lesions of the neck she wants us to know?
Branchial cyst, thyroglossal duct cyst, and carotid body tumor.
Where do these branchial cysts even come from and what patient population do we most commonly see them in?
Second branchial arch. Young adults.
What kind of tissue/cells do we find in the branchial cyst and where do they typically present in?
Stratified squamous and respiratory epi surrounded by fibrous tissue. Might also have lymphoid tissue.
Typically present on upper lateral neck along the SCM muscle.
What is a thyroglossal duct cyst?
Cysts that are remnants of the thyroid migratory tract.
Where are we seeing thyroglossal duct cysts?
Base of tongue, above and below hyoid bones, and anterior to the thyroid
How do we characterize carotid body tumors?
Neuroendocrine tumors arising from autonomic paraganglia.
Where is the most common location of carotid body tumors and where is the second most common?
Most common is adrenal gland where they are turning into pheochromocytoma. Outside of the adrenal gland, head and neck is most common.
What are the two structures we find these paragangliomas in?
Either paravertebral paraganglias associated with sympathetic division (catecholamines) and paraganglia related to the great vessels of head and neck like carotid bodies. These have parasympatheic so no catecholamines.
Histo hallmark of carotid body tumor?
Zellballens, which are nests of round to oval chief cells.
What stain is used for these carotid tumors and what cell are they picking up?
S-100 stain which picks up sustentacular cells which are like supporting cells.
