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MRCS > Skull > Flashcards

Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Synovial joints in head

A

3
Temporomandibular joint
Between three tiny bones in middle ear - malleus, incus and stapes

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2
Q

Cervical vertebrae characterized by

A

small body
bifid spinous process
foramen transversarium (allow vertebral artery and vein to pass through)

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3
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Superiorly, attached to floor of oral cavity
Inferiorly, attached to larynx
Posteriorly, attached to pharynx

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4
Q

Visible on greater wing of sphenoid bone on inferior view of skull

A

Foramen ovale

Foramen spinosum

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5
Q

Base of skull split into 3 parts

A

Anterior - teeth and hard palate
Middle - behind hard palate to anterior margin of foramen magnum
Posterior - anterior edge of foramen magnum to superior nuchal lines

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6
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Greater wing
Lesser wing (not seen in inferior view)
Pterygoid process

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7
Q

Foramen lacerum

A

Petrous part of temporal bone
basilar part of occipital medially
body of sphenoid anteriorly

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8
Q

Temporal bone parts and processes

A

Squamous part
Petrous part
Mastoid part
Tympanic part

Zygomatic process
Styloid process

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9
Q

Carotid canal

A

Petrous part of temporal bone

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10
Q

Auditory tube

A

Between greater wing of sphenoid anteriorly and petrous part of temporal bone posteriorly

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11
Q

Parts of occipital bone

A 
Squamous part (posterior to foramen magnum)
Lateral part (lateral to foramen magnum)
Basilar part (anterior to foramen magnum)

Jugular foramen is anterolateral hypoglossal canal

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12
Q

Anterior cranial fossa

A

Frontal ethmoid and sphenoid

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13
Q

Internal foramina of anterior cranial fossa

A

Foramen cecum

Olfactory foramen in cribriform plate

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14
Q

Foramen cecum

A

Emissary veins to nasal cavity

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15
Q

Middle cranial fossa

A

Part of sphenoid and temporal bones

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16
Q

Sella turcica

A

Remainder of body of sphenoid, consists of deep central area (hypophyseal fossa) which contains pituitary glands

Anteriorly - tuberculum sellae
Posteriorly - dorsum sellae

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17
Q

Internal foramina of middle cranial fossa

A 
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Hiatus for greater petrosal nerve
Hiatus for lesser petrosal nerve
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18
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

Between greater and lesser wing of sphenoid bone

Major passageway between orbit and middle cranial fossa.

19
Q

Contents of superior orbital fissure

A 
Oculomotor nerve III 
Trochlear nerve IV
Ophthalmic nerve V1
Abducens nerve VI 
Ophthalmic veins
20
Q

Optic canal

A

Lesser wing of sphenoid bone

optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

21
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

Greater wing of sphenoid bone

Maxillary nerve V2 - from middle cranial fossa to pterygopalatine fossa

22
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Greater wing of sphenoid bone
Connects middle cranial fossa to infratemporal fossa
Mandibular nerve V3
Lesser petrosal nerve (from nerve IX)
Small vessel - accessory middle meningeal artery

23
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

Greater wing of sphenoid bone
Connects middle cranial fossa to infratemporal fossa

Middle meningeal artery

24
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A

Mainly temporal and occipital bone
Some of sphenoid and parietal

Contain brainstem and cerebellum

25
Q

Internal foramina in posterior cranial fossa

A 
Foramen magnum
Internal acoustic meatus
Jugular foramen
Hypoglossal canal 
Condylar canal
26
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Spinal cord
Vertebral arteries
Meninges
Spinal roots of accessory nerve

27
Q

Internal acoustic meatus

A

Petrous part of temporal bone
Nerve VII and VIII
Labyrinthine artery and vein

28
Q

Jugular foramen

A

Separates petrous part of temporal bone and occpital bone
Groove to inferior petrosal sinus is medial to this
Groove to sigmoid sinus is lateral to this

Nerve 9 10 11

29
Q

Sigmoid sinus

A

Passes into jugular foramen

30
Q

Inferior petrosal sinus

A

empties into internal jugular vein in area of jugular foramen

31
Q

Hypoglossal canal

A

In occipital bone

Nerve 12, maningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery

32
Q

Arterial supply to dura mater

A

Travels in outer periosteal layer of dura mater
Anterior meningeal arteries
Middle and accessory arteries
Posterior meningeal arteries

33
Q

Flow of CSF

A

Produced by choroid plexus
Flows from lateral ventricle to third ventricle via interventricular foramina (foramina of Monro)
Then to fourth ventricle via cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvia)
Then from there passes into subarachnoid space via midline foramen or 2 lateral foramina (foramen of Magendie and Luschka)

34
Q

Vertebral arteries

A

From first part of subclavian artery

branches before joining up to form basilar artery: anterior spinal artery, posterior spinal artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Branches after joining to form basilar artery: anterior inferior cerebellar artery, pontine arteries, superior cerebellar artery

Basilar artery branches into 2 posterior cerebral arteries

35
Q

Internal carotid artery branches

A

Ophthalmic artery
Posterior communicating artery (connects posterior ceberal and internal carotid artery)
Middle cerebral
Anterior cerebral

36
Q

Tributaries into dural venous sinus

A 
Emissary vein (from outside cranial cavity)
Diploic vein (between internal and external tables of compact bone in roof of cranial cavity)
37
Q

Dural venous vein drainage

A

into internal jugular vein

38
Q

Dural venous sinus

A 
Superior sagittal
Inferior sagittal
Straight
Transverse
Sigmoid (continuation of transverse to IJV)
Occipital sinus
Confluence of sinuses

Cavernous sinus
Sphenoparietal
Superior and inferior petrosal
Basilar sinus

39
Q

Transverse sinus

A

Right - receives blood mainly from superior sagittal

Left - receives blood mainly from straight sinus

40
Q

Cavernous sinus

A

Against lateral aspect of body of sphenoid on either side of sella turcica

Receives blood from cerebral + ophthalmic veins + emissary veins (from pterygoid plexus of veins in infratemporal fossa)

41
Q

Structures in cavernous sinus

A

Internal carotid artery
Abducens nerve

Oculomotor
Trochlear
Ophthalmic
Maxillary

42
Q

Superior petrosal sinus

A

Drain cavernous sinus into transverse sinus

43
Q

Inferior petrosal sinus

A

Drain cavernous sinus into IJV

MRCS (28 decks)

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