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MRCS > Lower limb + gluteal > Flashcards

Lower limb + gluteal Flashcards

1
Q

Entry and exit points between lower limb and abdomen, pelvis and perineum

A

Gap between inguinal ligament and pelvic bone
Greater sciatic foramen
Obturator canal
Lesser sciatic foramen

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2
Q

Structures passing through gap between pelvic bone and inguinal ligament

A

Muscles - psoas major, iliacus and pectineus
nerves - femoral and femoral branch of genitofemoral, lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
vessels - femoral artery and vein
lymphatics

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3
Q

Structures communicating with gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen

A

muscle - piriformis
nerves - sciatic, superior and inferior gluteal and pudendal nerves
vessels - superior and inferior gluteal arteries and veins, and internal pudendal artery

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4
Q

Obturator foramen

A

obturator nerve and vessels

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5
Q

Structures between perineum and gluteal region through lesser sciatic foramen

A

Tendon of obturator internus msucle

Internal pudendal artery and pudendal nerve

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6
Q

Innervation of gluteal region

A

Superior and inferior gluteal nerves

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7
Q

Innervation of anterior compartment in leg

A

Deep branch of common fibular nerve

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8
Q

Cutaneous innervation of femoral nerve

A

skin on anterior thigh, medial side of leg and ankle

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9
Q

Cutaneous innervation of obturator nerve

A

medial side of thigh

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10
Q

Cutaneous innervation tibial part of sciatic nerve

A

lateral side of ankle and foot

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11
Q

Cutaneous innervation common fibular part of sciatic nerve

A

lateral side of leg and dorsum of foot

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12
Q

Innervation of medial compartment of thigh

A

Obturator nerve (Except pectineus - femoral nerve, and part of adductor magnus by tibial division of sciatic nerve)

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13
Q

Innervation of anterior compartment of thigh

A

femoral nerve (except tensor fasciae latae which is innervated by superior gluteal nerve)

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14
Q

Innervation of posterior compartment of thigh

A

tibial part of sciatic nerve

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15
Q

Innervation of Lateral compartment of leg

A

superficial branch of common fibular nerve

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16
Q

Innervation of posterior compartment of leg

A

tibial part of sciatic nerve (except short head of biceps femoris - common fibular division of sciatic nerve)

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17
Q

Innervation of sole of foot

A

TIbial part of sciatic nerve

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18
Q

Ischial tuberosity attachments

A

Mainly hamstring muscles in posterior thigh
Upper medial - semitendinosus and long head of biceps femoris
Upper lateral - semimembranosus
Lower lateral - adductor magnus

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19
Q

Ischiopubic ramus and pubic bone

A

Muscles of medial compartment of thigh

Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus and gracilis

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20
Q

Femoral nerve

A

L2-L4
Anterior compartment of thigh
Abdomen - iliacus and pectineus
Anterior aspect of thigh, medial aspect of leg and medial side of foot

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21
Q

Genitofemoral nerve

A

L1, L2
Passes anteroinferiorly through psoas major muscle, crosses under inguinal ligament lateral to femoral artery
Cremasteric reflex
Anterior perineum (anterior scrotum, anterior labia majora)

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22
Q

Obturator nerve

A

L2 to L4
All muscles in medial compartment of thigh (other than pectineus and part of adductor magnus)
Obturator externus
Skin on medial side of upper thigh

23
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

Divides in posterior compartment of thigh
Posterior division L4 to S2 form common fibular part
Anterior division L4 to S3 form tibial part
All muscles in posterior compartment of thigh, and all muscles in the leg
Skin - lateral side of leg and foot

24
Q

Superior gluteal nerves

A

L4 to S1
GLuteus medius and minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

25
Q

Inferior gluteal nerves

A

L5 to S2

Gluteus maximus

26
Q

Ilioinguinal nerves

A

L1
Travels through inguinal canal to exit through superficial inguinal ring
Innervate skin on medial side of upper thigh and adjacent parts of perineum

27
Q

Femoral artery

A

Continuation of external iliac artery as it passes under inguinal ligament to enter femoral triangle
Supplies most of thigh and all of leg and foot

28
Q

Superficial inguinal nodes

A

Lymph from gluteal region, lower abdominal wall, perineum and superficial regions of lower limb, drains into external iliac nodes

29
Q

Deep inguinal nodes

A

medial to femoral vein
Deep lymphatics associated with femoral vessels and from glans penis (or clitoris) in perineum)
Drain into external iliac nodes via vessels that pass along medial side of femoral vein as it passes under the inguinal ligament

30
Q

Popliteal nodes

A

receives lymph from superficial vessels, which accompany the small saphenous vein and from deep areas of leg and foot.
Drain into deep and superficial inguinal nodes

31
Q

Saphenous opening

A

Formed by free medial edge of fascia lata as it descends from inguinal ligament and spirals around lateral side of GSV and medially under femoral vein

32
Q

Femoral triangle

A

superiorly inguinal ligament
medial - adductor longus
lateral - sartorius
Floor - medially pectineus and adductor magnus, laterally iliopsoas

33
Q

Apex of femoral triangle

A

Continuous with adductor canal which descends medially through aperture in adductor magnus to open into popliteal fossa behind knee

34
Q

COntents of femoral triangle

A

Femoral nerve, artery and vein and lymphatic vessels

35
Q

Femoral sheath

A

Continuous superiorly with transversalis fascia and iliac fascia of abdomen
Contain femoral artery, vein and lymphatics.
Femoral nerve not contained in sheath.

36
Q

Piriformis

A

Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum
Insertion: medial side of greater trochanter of femur
Innervation: S1 to S2
Function: laterally rotates extended femur, abducts flexed femur at hip joint

37
Q

Obturator internus

A

Origin: deep surface of obturator membrane
Insertion: medial side of greater trochanter
Nerve: nerve to obturator internus L5, S1
Functon: laterally rotates extended femur, abducts flexed femur at hip joint

38
Q

Gemellus superior

A

Origin: external surface of ischial spine
INsertion: medial side of GT
Nerve: nerve to obturator internus L5, S1
Function: laterally rotates extended femur, abducts flexed femur at hip joint

39
Q

Gemellus inferior

A

Origin: upper aspect of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial side of GT
Nerve: nerve to quadratus femoris L5, S1
Function: laterally rotates extended femur, abducts flexed femur at hip joint

40
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

Origin: lateral aspect of ischium
Insertion: quadratus tubercle on intertrochanteric crest on proximal femur
Nerve: nerve to quadratus femoris L5, S1
Function: laterally rotates femur

41
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

Origin: External surface of ilium
Insertion: anterolateral aspect of GT
nerve: superior gluteal nerve L4 to S1
Function: abducts femur

42
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Origin: External surface of ilium
Insertion: lateral surface of GT
Nerve: superior gluteal nrve L4 to S1
Function: abducts femur

43
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Origin: LARGE
Insertion: Posterior aspect of iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur
Nerve: inferior gluteal nerve L5 to S2
Function: Extensor of flexed femur. Lateral stabilizer of hip joint and knee joint

44
Q

Tensor fasicae latae

A

Origin: lateral aspect of iliac crest between ASIS and tubercle of crest
Insertion: iliotibial tract
Nerve: superior gluteal nerve L4 to S1
Function: Stabilises knee in extension

45
Q

Nerves passing through greater sciatic foramen

A 
7 nerves
superior gluteal nerve
sciatic nerve
inferior gluteal nerve
nerve to quadratus femoris
nerve to obturator nerve
pudendal nerve
posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
(perforating cutaneous pierces sacrotuberous ligament)
46
Q

Superior gluteal nerve

A

Only one that passes above piriformis

Travels in between gluteus medius and minimus, and terminates by supplying TFL

47
Q

sciatic nerve

A

Passes beneath piriformis, descends between deep and superficial group of gluteal muscles

48
Q

nerve to quadratus femoris

A

only nerve anterior to plane of deep muscle

supplies small branch to inferior gemelli

49
Q

nerve to obturator internus

A

Enters gluteal region beneath piriformis between posterior cuteanous nerve of thigh and pudendal nerve

50
Q

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

A

Inferior to piriformis and immediately medial to sciatic nerve.

51
Q

Inferior gluteal artery

A

Supplies posterior thigh and anastomoses with perforating branches of femoral artery. Also supplies a branch to sciatic nerve

52
Q

Superior gluteal artery

A

Divides into superficial (deep surface of glut max) and deep (between gluteus medius and minimus).
Contributes to hip joint.
Anastomose with lateral and medial femoral circumflex arteries from deep femoral in thigh and with inferior gluteal artery

53
Q

Lymphatics in gluteal region

A

Internal iliac nodes

MRCS (28 decks)

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