Shoulder Flashcards
Clavicle
S-shaped contour
Forward facing medial part is convex
Forward facing lateral part is concave
Inferior surface of lateral third of clavicle - conoid tubercle and lateral roughening - trapezoid line (these are for attachment of coracoclavicular ligament)
Articulating surface of clavicle
lateral end - surface of articulation with acromion
Medial end - with sternum and first costal cartilage
Infraglenoid tubercle
Roughening below glenoid cavity - site of attachment of long head of triceps brachii
Supraglenoid tubercle
Roughening above glenoid cavity - site of attachment of long head of biceps brachii
Coracoid process
Projects anterolaterally and is directly inferior to lateral part of clavicle
Acromion
Anterolateral projection of the spine, arches over glenohumeral joint
Greater tubercle of humerus
lateral in position.
Superior facet - supraspinatus
Middle facet - infraspinatus
Inferior facet - teres minor
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Anterior in position
Attachment of subscapularis
Bicipital groove
separates greater and lesser tubercle and continues inferiorly down shaft of humerus.
Tendon of long head of biceps brachii passes through this groove
Roughenings on intertubercular sulcus
Lateral lip - pectoralis major
floor - latissimus dorsi
Medial lip - teres major
Deltoid tuberosity
Continuation of lateral lip of intertubular sulcus - deltoid insertion
Joints of shoulder
sternoclavicular
acromioclavicular
glenohumeral
Sternoclavicular joint
synovial
Acromioclavicular joint
Synovial
Between medial surface of acromion and a facet on acromial end of clavicle
Supported by
small acromioclavicular ligament superior to joint
Much larger coracoclavicular ligament (between coracoid process and inferior surface of lateral end of clavicle)
Coracoclavicular ligament
Anteriorly - trapezoid ligament (attach to trapezoid line)
Posteriorly - conoid ligament (attach to conoid tubercle)
Glenohumeral joint
Synovial ball and socket
Joint stability - rotator cuff, long heads of biceps brachii
Bursa of the glenohumeral joint
Subtendinous bursa of subscapularis
Subacromial bursa
Fibrous membrane of joint capsule
attaches to margin of glenoid cavity, outside attachment of glenoid labrum and long head of biceps, and to the anatomical neck of humerus
Thickened in 3 locations - superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments
Coracohumeral ligament`
Transverse humeral ligament - holds tendon of long head of biceps in intertubercular sulcus
Vascular supply to glenohumeral joint
Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
Suprascapular arteries
Innervation of glenohumeral
Branches from posterior cord of brachial plexus
Suprascapular
Axillary
Lateral pectoral nerves
Rhomboid minor and major
Dorsal scapular nerve
Elevates and retracts scapula
Holds scapula to the vertebrae
Supraspinatus
Suprascapular nerve
Most superior facet of greater tubercle
Infraspinatus
Middle facet of greater tubercle
Suprascapular nerve
Lateral rotation of arm
Teres minor
Inferior facet of greater tubercle
Axillary nerve
Lateral rotation of arm
Teres major
Origin: inferior angle of scapula (posterior)
Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus on anterior surface of humerus
Inferior subscapular nerve
Medial rotation and extension of arm
Long head of triceps brachii
Origin: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: common tendon of insertion with medial and lateral heads on olecranon process of ulna
Radial nerve
Travels in between teres minor and major muscle
Muscles in shoulder
Deltoid
Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid major and minor
Posterior scapular region
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor and major
Long head of triceps brachii
Gateways to posterior scapular region
Suprascapular foramen
Quadrangular space
Triangular space
Triangular interval
Suprascapular foramen
Suprascapular nerve
Suprascapular artery and veins
Quadrangular space
Borders: Lateral margin of long head of triceps brachii inferior margin of teres minor superior margin of teres major shaft of humerus laterally
Contents:
posterior circumflex humeral artery
axillary nerve
Triangular space
borders:
medial margin of long head of triceps brachii
inferior margin or teres minor
superior margin of teres major
Contents:
circumflex scapular artery and nerve
Triangular interval
Borders:
lateral margin of long head of triceps brachii
shaft of humerus laterally
inferior margin of teres major
Contents:
radial nerve
profunda brachii artery
Suprascapular artery
branch of thyrocervical trunk (branch of subclavian artery)
Subscapular artery
Originate from third part of axillary artery
Circumflex scapular artery branches from here
Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Originates from third part of axillary artery
