Neck

Question 1

Fascial spaces as a conduit for spread of infection from neck to mediastinum

Answer 1

pretracheal space
retropharyngeal space
third space

Question 2

External jugular vein formed by

Answer 2

posterior auricular vein
retromandibular vein (formed from superficial temporal and maxillary veins)

Question 3

Retromandibular vein anterior division

Answer 3

joins facial vein to form common facial vein which drains into internal jugular vein

Question 4

Retromandibular vein posterior division

Answer 4

Joins posterior auricular vein which drains into external jugular vein

Question 5

External jugular vein track

Answer 5

Passes down neck superficial to sternocleidomastoid, crossing diagonally as it descends.
Just superior to clavicle and posterior to sternocleidomatois, pierces cervical fascia and passes deep to clavicle and enters subclavian vein

Question 6

Smaller triangles of anterior triangle of the neck

Answer 6

Submandibular
Submental
Carotid
Muscular

Question 7

Suprahyoid muscles

Answer 7

Stylohyoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

Question 8

Infrahyoid muscles

Answer 8

Omohyoid (superior belly in anterior triangle, inferior belly in posterior triangle)
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

Everything supplied by ansa cervicalis (C1-3) except for thyrohyoid (branch from anterior ramus of C1 carried along hypoglossal nerve)

Question 9

Internal jugular vein

Answer 9

begins as a dilated continuation of sigmoid sinus
Receives inferior petrosal sinus soon after it is formed
Exits through jugular foramen

Question 10

Internal jugular vein relationship to internal carotid artery

Answer 10

IJV initially posterior to ICA, but passes to a more lateral position farther down
Remains lateral to common carotid artery trough te rest of neck with vagus nerve posterior and between the two vessels

Question 11

Thyroid gland

Answer 11

Two lateral lobes (covers trachea, cricoid cartilage and lower part of thyroid cartilage)
Isthmus (crosses anterior surface of 2nd and 3rd tracheal cartilage)
Lies deep to sternohyoid, sternothyroid and omohyoid

Lies inside pretracheal fascia with phraynx, trachea and oesophagus

Question 12

Arterial supply to thyroid gland

Answer 12

2 arteries
Superior thyroid artery
Inferior thyroid artery

Question 13

Inferior thyroid artery

Answer 13

Branch of thyrocervical trunk (from first part of subclavian artery)

Question 14

Branches of inferior thyroid artery

Answer 14

Divides into inferior branch (supply lower part of thyroid gland) and ascending branch (supply parathyroid)

Question 15

Venous drainage of thyroid gland

Answer 15

superior thyroid vein
middle thyroid vein
inferior thyroid vein

Superior and middle drain into IJV
Inferior drain directly into brachiocephalic vein

Question 16

Lymphatic drainage of thyroid gland

Answer 16

paratracheal nodes

deep cervical nodes inferior to omohyoid muscle

Question 17

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 17

Loops around subclavian artery on the right

Ascends between trachea and oesophagus

Question 18

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 18

loops around arch of aorta on the left

Ascends between trachea and oesophagus

Question 19

Parathyroid glands

Answer 19

Develop from third (inferior) and fourth (superior) pharyngeal pouches
Posterior surface of thyroid gland

Question 20

First part of subclavian artery

Answer 20

medial to scalenus anterior

Question 21

Branches of first part of subclavian artery

Answer 21

Verterbral artery
Internal thoracic artery
Thyrocervical trunk (inferior thyroid artery, transverse cervical artery, suprascapular arteries)

Question 22

second part of subclavian artery

Answer 22

Between scalenus anterior and scalenus medius

Question 23

Branches of second part of subclavian artery

Answer 23

Costocervical trunk

Question 24

third part of subclavian artery

Answer 24

Emerges from lateral side between scalenus anterior and medius, before changing into axillary artery after crossing lateral border of rib I

Question 25

branches from third part of subclavian artery

Answer 25

dorsal scapular artery

Question 26

Position of subclavian vein in posterior triangle

Answer 26

It is anterior to, and slightly lower than subclavian artery and passes anterior to scalenus anterior

Question 27

Nerves in posterior triangle

Answer 27

Accessory nerve
Branches from cervical plexus
Branches of brachial plexus

Question 28

Phrenic nerve in posterior triangle

Answer 28

Continues inferiorly across anterior surface of scalenus anterior and is pinned there by transverse cervical artery and suprascapular artery

Question 29

Vagus nerve in root of neck

Answer 29

Anterior to subclavian artery
Posterior to subclavian vein
(in between subclavian vessels)

Question 30

Thoracic duct in thoracic cavity

Answer 30

Thoracic aorta on its eft
Azygos vein on its right
Oesophagus anteriorly

Passes to the left at thoracic vertebrae V and continues to ascend just to the left of oesophagus
Arching laterally it passes posterior to the carotid sheath and turns inferiorly in front of thyrocervical trunk, phrenic nerve and vertebral artery

Question 31

Thoracic duct in neck

Answer 31

Terminates in unction betwen left IJV and left subclavian vein

Question 32

Superficial lymph nodes in head

Answer 32

Occipital nodes (posterior scalp and neck)
Mastoid nodes (posterior to ear)
pre-auricular and parotid nodes (auricle, anterolateral scalp, upper half of face, eyelids and cheeks)
submandibular nodes (facial artery, teeth, tongue, gingivae)
Submental nodes (center part of lower lip, tip of tongue, lower incisor teeth, chin, floor of mouth)

Question 33

Deep cervical nodes

Answer 33

Along IJV
Jugulodigastric node
Jugulo-omohyoid node