Back musculature

Question 1

Back muscle categories

Answer 1

SUperficial, intermediate and deep

Question 2

Superficial back muscles - extrinsic

Answer 2

Movements of upper limb. Innervated by anterior rami of spinal nerves. Consists of trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor and levator scapulae.

Question 3

Intermediate back muscles - extrinsic

Answer 3

Attached to ribs and may serve respiratory function. Inntervated by anterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 4

Deep back muscles - intrinsic muscles

Answer 4

Movements of vertebral column and head. Innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves.

Question 5

Trapezius

Answer 5

Origin: Vertebral column
Insertion: lateral third of clavicle and acromion.
Function: upper - elevate scapula, middle adduct, lower - depress scapula. Assists in rotating scapula during abduction of humerus above horizontal
Innervated by accessory nerve.
Blood supply - superficial branch of transverse cervical artery, acromial branch of suprascapular artery and dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries.

Question 6

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 6

Origin: spinous process of TVII to LV and sacrum, iliac crest, ribs X to XII
Insertion: floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
Innervation - thoracodorsal nerve (C6 to C8)
Function - Extends, adducts and medially rotates
humerus
Blood supply - thoracodorsal artery

Question 7

Levator scapulae

Answer 7

Origin: Transverse process of CI to CIV
Insertion: Upper portion medial border of scapula
Innervation: C3 and C4 and dorsal scapular nerve (C4 -5)
Function: Elevates scapula
Blood supply: branches mainly from transverse and ascending cervical arteries

Question 8

Rhomboid major

Answer 8

Origin: Spinous process of TII to TV
Insertion: Medial border of scapula
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)
Function: Adducts and elevates scapula

Question 9

Rhomboid minor

Answer 9

Origin: Lower portion of ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of CVII to TI
Insertion: Medial border of scapula
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)
Function: Adducts and elevates scapula

Question 10

Intermediate group of muscles

Answer 10

Serratus posterior superior and inferior - respiratory muscles

Question 11

Deep group of muscles

Answer 11

Extensor and rotators of head and neck - splenius capitis and cervicis
Extensor and rotators of vertebral column - erector spinae and transversospinales
Short segmental muscles - interspinales and intertransversarii

Question 12

Spinotransversales muscle - extend neck and rotate head to one side

Answer 12

Splenius capitis

Splenius cervicis

Question 13

Suboccipital triangle borders

Answer 13

rectus capitis posterior major - medial
obliquus capitis superior - lateral
obliquus capitis inferior - inferior

Question 14

Suboccipital triangle contents

Answer 14

vertebral artery, posterior ramus of C1, associated veins

Question 15

Anterior spinal artery

Answer 15

emerged from vertebral artery, reinforced by segmental medullary arteries from segmental spinal arteries

Question 16

Posterior spinal arteries

Answer 16

Two of them on posterolateral side of spinal cord, emerged from terminal branches of vertebral artery. Reinforced by segmental medullary arteries

Question 17

Denticulate ligament

Answer 17

Lateral extensions of pia mater, serves to keep spinal cord in the middle of the subarachnoid space

Question 18

Lumbar puncture layers

Answer 18

Supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament into extradural space. Then through dura and arachnoid mater into subarachnoid space.