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MRCS > Forearm > Flashcards

Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior compartment of forearm

A

3 layers

Superficial intermediate and deep

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2
Q

Superficial layer of anterior compartment of forearm

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Pronator teres

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3
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Most medial
Origin: medial epicondyle (humeral head) and olecranon (ulnar head)
Insertion: Distal fibre attaches to pisiform bone
Ulnar nerve passes through triangular gap between humeral and ulnar heads of flexor carpi ulnaris

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4
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis of hand

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5
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: base of metacarpals II and III

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6
Q

Pronator teres

A

Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: roughening on lateral surface of radius

Median nerve passes through ulnar and humeral head of this muscle

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7
Q

Intermediate layer - flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Two heads
Origin: humero-ulnar head - medial epicondyle
Radial head - anterior oblique line of radius

Median nerve and ulnar artery passes deep to FDS between the two heads

Tendons of ring and middle finger are superficial to index and little finger. Tendons of FDS are anterior to tendons of FDP

Flex PIP, MCP and wrist joint

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8
Q

Deep muscles of anterior compartment

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

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9
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Origin: anterior and medial surface of ulna + interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanx
Innervation: lateral half (anterior interosseous - branch of median nerve) medial half (ulnar nerve)
Flexes MCP, DIP and PIP + wrist

In the palm, lumbricals originate from sides of tendons of FDP.

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10
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Origin: anterior surface of radius
Insertion: palmar surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: Anterior interosseous nerve (median)
Flexes MCP and IP joint of thumb

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11
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Origin: linear ridge on distal anterior surface of ulna
Insertion: distal anterior surface of radius
Innervation: anterior interosseous nerve (median)
Pronate forearm

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12
Q

Radial artery

A

Passes along lateral aspect of forearm:

  1. Just deep to brachioradialis in proximal half of forearm
  2. Superficial branch of radial nerve is lateral to it in middle third of forearm
  3. Tendon of brachioradialis is lateral to it in the distal forearm

Leaves the forearm by passing around lateral side of wrist and penetrates posterolateral aspect of hand between bases of metacarpals I and II.

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13
Q

Branches of radial artery

A

Radial recurrent artery - elbow joint + muscles on lateral side of forearm
Palmar carpal branch - carpal bones and joints
Superficial palmar branch - passes superficial to thenar muscles at base of thumb to enter hand

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14
Q

Ulnar artery

A

Larger than radial artery, medial side of forearm
Leaves cubital fossa by passing deep to pronater teres muscle, then passes through forearm between FCU and FDP

Distal forearm - ulnar nerve is medial to ulnar artery, with FCU most medial

Enters hand by passing lateral to pisiform bone and superficial to flexor retinaculum and arches over palm

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15
Q

Branches of ulnar artery

A

Ulnar recurrent artery for elbow joint
Common interosseous artery - divides into anterior and posterior - for muscles
Dorsal and palmar carpal branches for wrist

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16
Q

Median nerve

A

Leaves cubital fossa between pronator teres and FDS
Continues down on deep surface of FDS; just proximal to the wrist moves to lateral side of muscle and becomes more superficial, lying between palmaris longus and FCR
Enters hand deep to flexor retinaculum

17
Q

Branches of median nerve

A

Anterior interosseous nerve (between two heads of pronator teres) - innervates deep layer
Small palmar branch - passes superficially into hand over flexor retinaculum - skin over base and central palm

18
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

Posterior to medial epicondyle and between humeral and ulnar heads of FCU.
In forearm - in between FCU and FDP
Lies lateral to FCU tendon proximal to wrist. Ulnar artery is lateral to ulnar nerve
Along with ulnar artery, passes superficial to flexor retinaculum and immediately lateral to pisiform bone

19
Q

Branches of ulnar nerve

A

Muscular branches to FCU and medial half of FDP

Cutaneous branch - palmar branch and larger dorsal branch (passes posteriorly deep to FCU)

20
Q

Radial nerve

A

Bifurcates into deep and superficial branch under the margin of brachioradialis at lateral border of cubital fossa

21
Q

Deep branch of radial nerve

A

Predominantly motor and passes between two heads of supinator

22
Q

Superficial branch of radial nerve

A

Sensory.
Passes down anterolateral aspect of forearm deep to brachioradialis and along with radial artery.
approx 2/3rds down forearm, superficial branch of radial nerve passes laterally and posteriorly around radial side of forearm deep to tendon of brachioradialis

23
Q

Posterior compartment of forearm

A

Superficial and deep

24
Q

Muscles in superficial layer

A 
Brachioradialis
(from medial to lateral)
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris 
Anconeus
25
Q

Brachioradialis

A

origin: proximal part of lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: lateral surface of distal end of radius
Accessory flexor of elbow when forearm midpronated

Distally lies over radial nerve and artery

26
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Origin: Distal part of lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: dorsal surface of base of metacarpall II
Extends and abducts wrist

27
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: dorsal surface of base metacarpals II and III
Innervation: deep branch of radial nerve
Extends and abducts wrist

Lies deep to ECRL

28
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges
Innervated: posterior interosseous nerve

29
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle
Insertion: extensor hood of little finger
Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve

30
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle
Insertion: medial side of base metacarpal V
Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve

31
Q

Anconeus

A

Most medial of superficial extensors
Origin: lateral epicondyle
Insertion: posterolateral surface of olecranon and posterior surface of ulna
Abducts ulna during pronation

32
Q

Deep layer of posterior compartment

A 
5 muscles
Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis

Except for supinator, all muscles originate from posterior surface of radius, ulna and interosseous membrane and insert into thumb/finger

APL, EPB and EPL emerge from between ED and ECRB and pass into the thumb

All innervated by deep branch of radial nerve

33
Q

Supinator

A

Two heads
Origin: superficial - lateral epicondyle of humerus; deep - supinator crest on postero lateral surface of ulna
Insertion: proximal aspect of radius

Deep branch of radial nerve passes between these 2 heads to enter posterior compartment of forearm

34
Q

Anatomical snuffbox

A

Lateral border - APL and EPB

Medial border - EPL

35
Q

Radial nerve

A

At lateral wall of cubital fossa, before dividing into superficial or deep branch, innervates brachioradialis and ECRL

Passes between superficial and deep layer of muscle in posterior compartment, and deep to EPL to reach the wrist

MRCS (28 decks)

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