SKM Path Quiz 4- part 1 Flashcards
idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of the epiphysis of the femoral head leading to an interruption of the blood supply of the head of the femur
Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome
The predominant cause of rickets is?
Vitamin D deficiency
causes softening of the bones
what is rickets called that’s seen in adults?
Osteomalacia
what’s responsible for the osteoclast activity seen in osteoporosis?
cytokines
IL-1, IL-6, TNF alpha
primary osteoporosis caused by
aging
menopause
secondary osteoporosis caused by
malabsorption
medical conditions (RA, endocrine disorders)
medications (steroids, chemotherapy, anticoagulants)
eating disorders
immobilization
vitamin deficiency (Vit D, C, K)
exaggerated curvature of the spine that results in a rounded or hunched back
kyphosis
a disease characterized by high bone turnover with accelerated osteoclast and osteoblast activity
Paget’s disease
end result of Paget’s disease is
increased calcification
imaging shows whiter areas of bone
Labs for Paget’s show elevated
alkaline phosphate
histological hallmark for Paget’s is
mosaic pattern of lamellar bone
Paget’s disease reveals what when seen via x-ray?
sclerotic bone
areas of lucency
(cotton ball appearance)
osteopetrosis characterized by
bones harden and become more dense
gas formation in tissue is seen on x-ray for which condition?
osteomyelitis
Diagnosis of osteomyelitis is often based on radiologic results showing
a lytic center with a ring of sclerosis.
renal osteodystrophy is used to describe
all of the skeletal changes of chronic renal disease
Fractures are classified as simple (closed) when
the overlying tissue is intact
Fractures are classified as compound (open) when
the fracture site communicates with the skin surface
A fracture is displaced when
the ends of the bone at the fracture site are not aligned
A fracture is called comminuted when the bone is
splintered or crushed
a pathologic fracture is
when the break occurs in bone already altered by a disease process
A stress fracture is
a slowly developing fracture that follows a period of increased physical activity in which the bone is subjected to repetitive loads
An abnormal bone scan will appear as
increased uptake of the tracer where bone formation is occurring faster than the surrounding bone
on x-ray aneurysmal cyst reveals
honey-combed appearance
less symmetry to shape of cyst
which type of benign bone neoplasm is often solitary, but when paired with Gardner syndrome multiple lesions are seen?
osteoid osteoma
Gross examination of an osteoid osteoma is characterized by
an area of gritty, cherry red tissue, surrounded by dense sclerotic bone
the primary malignant tumor of bone is
osteosarcoma
third most common malignancy is adolescence?
osteosarcoma
osteosarcoma, while ordinarily seen in young adults, is seen more commonly in adults that have which other condition?
Paget’s
osteosarcoma feels
hard
fixed
non-tender
_________ is a chemosensitive tumor specially to high-dose methotrexate
osteosarcoma
X-ray findings for osteosarcoma are variable
combination of bone destruction and bone formation
radio lucency and radio opacity
spicules of calcium in soft tissue
METS of osteosarcoma is common and characteristic appearance is
skip lesions
Early pulmonary metastasis is common with
osteosarcoma
microscopically fibrosarcoma appears as
sheets of spindle shaped cells
Giant cell tumor (GCT) appears as what on x-ray
non-sclerotic border
a bone tumor mostly of adults?
giant cell tumor
a bone tumor mostly of children?
ewing sarcoma
X-ray of Ewing sarcoma usually shows
a mottled “moth-eaten” destructive lesion
malignant disease of plasma cells in bone marrow
multiple myeloma
METs bone cancer or Paget’s shows what on x-ray?
ivory vertebrae sign
