SKM Path Quiz 4- part 1

Question 1

idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of the epiphysis of the femoral head leading to an interruption of the blood supply of the head of the femur

Answer 1

Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome

Question 2

The predominant cause of rickets is?

Answer 2

Vitamin D deficiency

causes softening of the bones

Question 3

what is rickets called that’s seen in adults?

Answer 3

Osteomalacia

Question 4

what’s responsible for the osteoclast activity seen in osteoporosis?

Answer 4

cytokines

IL-1, IL-6, TNF alpha

Question 5

primary osteoporosis caused by

Answer 5

aging

menopause

Question 6

secondary osteoporosis caused by

Answer 6

malabsorption
medical conditions (RA, endocrine disorders)
medications (steroids, chemotherapy, anticoagulants)
eating disorders
immobilization
vitamin deficiency (Vit D, C, K)

Question 7

exaggerated curvature of the spine that results in a rounded or hunched back

Answer 7

kyphosis

Question 8

a disease characterized by high bone turnover with accelerated osteoclast and osteoblast activity

Answer 8

Paget’s disease

Question 9

end result of Paget’s disease is

Answer 9

increased calcification

imaging shows whiter areas of bone

Question 10

Labs for Paget’s show elevated

Answer 10

alkaline phosphate

Question 11

histological hallmark for Paget’s is

Answer 11

mosaic pattern of lamellar bone

Question 12

Paget’s disease reveals what when seen via x-ray?

Answer 12

sclerotic bone
areas of lucency
(cotton ball appearance)

Question 13

osteopetrosis characterized by

Answer 13

bones harden and become more dense

Question 14

gas formation in tissue is seen on x-ray for which condition?

Answer 14

osteomyelitis

Question 15

Diagnosis of osteomyelitis is often based on radiologic results showing

Answer 15

a lytic center with a ring of sclerosis.

Question 16

renal osteodystrophy is used to describe

Answer 16

all of the skeletal changes of chronic renal disease

Question 17

Fractures are classified as simple (closed) when

Answer 17

the overlying tissue is intact

Question 18

Fractures are classified as compound (open) when

Answer 18

the fracture site communicates with the skin surface

Question 19

A fracture is displaced when

Answer 19

the ends of the bone at the fracture site are not aligned

Question 20

A fracture is called comminuted when the bone is

Answer 20

splintered or crushed

Question 21

a pathologic fracture is

Answer 21

when the break occurs in bone already altered by a disease process

Question 22

A stress fracture is

Answer 22

a slowly developing fracture that follows a period of increased physical activity in which the bone is subjected to repetitive loads

Question 23

An abnormal bone scan will appear as

Answer 23

increased uptake of the tracer where bone formation is occurring faster than the surrounding bone

Question 24

on x-ray aneurysmal cyst reveals

Answer 24

honey-combed appearance

less symmetry to shape of cyst

Question 25

which type of benign bone neoplasm is often solitary, but when paired with Gardner syndrome multiple lesions are seen?

Answer 25

osteoid osteoma

Question 26

Gross examination of an osteoid osteoma is characterized by

Answer 26

an area of gritty, cherry red tissue, surrounded by dense sclerotic bone

Question 27

the primary malignant tumor of bone is

Answer 27

osteosarcoma

Question 28

third most common malignancy is adolescence?

Answer 28

osteosarcoma

Question 29

osteosarcoma, while ordinarily seen in young adults, is seen more commonly in adults that have which other condition?

Answer 29

Paget’s

Question 30

osteosarcoma feels

Answer 30

hard
fixed
non-tender

Question 31

_________ is a chemosensitive tumor specially to high-dose methotrexate

Answer 31

osteosarcoma

Question 32

X-ray findings for osteosarcoma are variable

Answer 32

combination of bone destruction and bone formation
radio lucency and radio opacity
spicules of calcium in soft tissue

Question 33

METS of osteosarcoma is common and characteristic appearance is

Answer 33

skip lesions

Question 34

Early pulmonary metastasis is common with

Answer 34

osteosarcoma

Question 35

microscopically fibrosarcoma appears as

Answer 35

sheets of spindle shaped cells

Question 36

Giant cell tumor (GCT) appears as what on x-ray

Answer 36

non-sclerotic border

Question 37

a bone tumor mostly of adults?

Answer 37

giant cell tumor

Question 38

a bone tumor mostly of children?

Answer 38

ewing sarcoma

Question 39

X-ray of Ewing sarcoma usually shows

Answer 39

a mottled “moth-eaten” destructive lesion

Question 40

malignant disease of plasma cells in bone marrow

Answer 40

multiple myeloma

Question 41

METs bone cancer or Paget’s shows what on x-ray?

Answer 41

ivory vertebrae sign