Central Nervous System Path Quiz 5

Question 1

Ancephaly

Answer 1

absence of brain formation

Question 2

Microcephaly

Answer 2

diminished brain size

Question 3

Agyri

Answer 3

absence of gyri

Question 4

Polymicrogyri

Answer 4

increased number of smaller than normal, shallow gyri

Question 5

Macrogyri/pachygyri

Answer 5

enlarged abnormal gyri

Question 6

Hydrocephalus

Answer 6

build up of too much CSF in brain

due to incr production, blockage, or reabsorption

Question 7

most common cause of hydrocephalus?

Answer 7

blockage

Question 8

why do babies with hydrocephalus have heads that become massive?

Answer 8

because fontanelles allow expansion of growth plates

Question 9

Spina bifida is

Answer 9

failure of normal closure of the vertebral column and/or overlying skin on dorsal aspect of spinal cord

Question 10

Spina bifida occulta

Answer 10

refers to a condition of a missing portion of a posterior vertebral body.

Question 11

Meningocele

Answer 11

refers to herniation of the meninges but not the cord

Question 12

Menigomyelocele

Answer 12

is the herniation of the meninges and the spinal cord

Question 13

abnormally elevated levels of which protein is associated with neural tube defects (spina bifida)?

Answer 13

maternal alpha fetal protein (Maternal AFP or MAFP)

tested in second trimester

Question 14

maternal alpha fetal protein (MAFP) is seen in which conditions?

Answer 14

spina bifida
anencephaly
abdominal wall defects

Question 15

cerebral palsy (a disorder of movement) is most likely to occur when?

Answer 15

during pregnancy

can also occur during childbirth, or after birth

Question 16

by far the most common type of cerebral palsy is?

Answer 16

spastic cerebral palsy

Question 17

The most common finding on autopsy of newborns and infants with cerebral palsy is

Answer 17

periventricular leukomalacia (necrosis around the ventricles)

Question 18

The most common cause of meningitis is

Answer 18

viral infections

Question 19

The second most common cause of meningitis is

Answer 19

bacterial infections

much more severe

Question 20

where is the spinal needle usu inserted for lumbar puncture?

Answer 20

between 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae

Question 21

the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children?

Answer 21

neisseria meningitis

referred to as meningococcal meningitis

Question 22

microscopic appearance of neisseria meningitidis

Answer 22

gram negative diplococci

Question 23

In Meningococcal meningitis, a rapidly-spreading rash may precede other sx. whats the rash called?

Answer 23

petechial rash

Question 24

aseptic meningitis associated with increased WBCs, esp lymphocytes should make you think

Answer 24

viral meningitis!

Question 25

which two enteroviruses account for 50% of aseptic menintitis

Answer 25

coxsackie virus

echovirus

Question 26

the most common cause of viral meningitis/encephalitis in children and adults?

Answer 26

enteroviruses

Question 27

Encephalitis due to HSV infection characteristically involves which parts of the brain?

Answer 27

temporal lobes

Question 28

whats the most common organism found in brain abscesses?

Answer 28

streptococcus

Question 29

a brain abscess will appear how on imaging?

Answer 29

walled off calcified area

Question 30

Neurocysticercosis is caused by

Answer 30

eating pork infected with tape worm larvae

Question 31

Neurocysticercosis looks how on imaging?

Answer 31

multiple abscesses in brain