Renal Path Quiz 2- part 2 Flashcards
nephritic syndrome is characterized by the pneumonic PHAROH. what does it stand for?
P= proteinuria H= hematuria A= azotemia (elev blood nitrogen) R=RBC casts O= oliguria H = hypertension
the main features of nephritis syndrome are HTN and RBC casts
what’s the most common cause of glomerulonephritis worldwide?
IgA nephropathy (aka Berger's disease) marked hypersecretion of IgA in response to an antigen
what’s a condition that is commonly associated with IgA nephropathy?
celiac dz
think about how your gut is all messed up and you are letting food bits in that shouldn’t be absorbed- get IgA hypersecretion
what’s another disease state of IgA over-secretion?
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
it involves blood vessel walls in skin, kidneys, GI
Henoch-Schonlein purpura most often occurs in which population?
pediatric
if it occurs in adults it’s much more severe
the most common cause of acute nephritic syndrome is
post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is caused by group A strep in
skin (impetigo) or pharynx (strep throat)
unlike Rheumatic Heart Disease (RH) which comes from strep in throat alone
post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis under electron microscopy characteristically shows a
“lumpy” appearance with the diagnostic finding of sub-endothelial “clumps of humps”
Immunofluorescent studies of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis demonstrate
a granular deposition of IgG, C3 and mesangial fibrin.
how are rapidly progressing GN and PSGN similar and how do they differ?
similar initial sx: hematuria, oliguria, and HTN (nephritic syndrome)
they differ: pts with RPGN frequently undergo rapid deterioration of renal function with progression to renal failure whereas with PSGN most people fully recover
rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis appears how microscopically?
Glomerular crescents consists of bands of fibrin that are deposited throughout the capillary tufts.
a condition which often presents with RPGN is?
Goodpasture’s syndrome
In more than 60% of cases of Goodpasture’s syndrome, what sort of changes occur where?
basement membrane changes occur in:
lungs and kidneys
In Goodpasture’s syndrome, why is the basement membrane being affected?
destruction of basement membrane due to circulating anti-basement membrane antibodies
in which condition do you find circulating antibodies called ANCAs (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) that affect small and medium sized blood vessels causing vasculitis?
Wegener’s granulomatosis
