Endocrine Path Quiz 3- pat 2

Question 1

the condition that most commonly causes hypothyroid in US?

Answer 1

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Question 2

endemic goiter is a term to describe

Answer 2

an enlarged thyroid due to inadequate intake of iodine (not a problem in most developed countries)

Question 3

what is the term for accidental ingestion of excess quantities of thyroid hormone?

Answer 3

thyrotoxicosis factitia

Question 4

Hashimoto’s may present with

Answer 4

enlargement of the thyroid due to lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis

Question 5

what causes gradual destruction of follicles in the thyroid gland?

Answer 5

antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (anti TPO Ab) and/or thyroglobulin

Question 6

microscopic appearance of thyroid tissue in Hashimoto’s

Answer 6

• can see movement away from single layer of epithelium

- colloid is no longer acellular, with lymphocytic infiltration

Question 7

A Hürthle cell is associated with? appear how?

Answer 7

• Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

- enlarged epithelial cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm

Question 8

what are the antibodies against thyroid peroxidase called?

Answer 8

antimicrosomal Ab

Question 9

De Quervain’s thyroiditis (a type of subacute thyroiditis) presents with which notable sx?

Answer 9

• granulomas

- painful enlarged thyroid

Question 10

microscopically de Quervain’s disease shows which type of cells?

Answer 10

multi-nucleated giant cells within the colloid

Question 11

represents the most common cause for an enlarged thyroid gland, and world-wide, it represents the most common disease of the thyroid

Answer 11

Non-toxic multinodular goiter

Question 12

Microscopic appearance of non-toxic multinodular goiter

Answer 12

• irregularly enlarged follicles

- flattened epithelium

Question 13

A toxic nodular goiter (TNG) is a thyroid gland that contains autonomously functioning thyroid nodules, resulting in

Answer 13

hyperthyroidism (excess T3/T4)

Question 14

Toxic nodular goiter
aka:
characteristics of goiter:
Dissimilar from which condition:

Answer 14

• Plummer’s disease
• Off to one side, elderly
• Grave’s is symmetrical, adolescence

Question 15

microscopic appearance of toxic nodular goiter

Answer 15

• hypercellularity

- normal looking cells

Question 16

Grave’s disease

etiology

Answer 16

• an AI disease
• long acting thyroid autoantibodies (LATS-Ab) activate TSH receptors
• stimulate production of T3/T4
• enlarged goiter

Question 17

most common cause of hyperthyroidism in US

Answer 17

Grave’s

Question 18

most common cause of hyperthyroidism worldwide?

Answer 18

iodine deficiency 
(rare in US)

Question 19

microscopic appearance of Grave’s disease

Answer 19

• tall columnar thyroid epithelium
• vacuoles in the colloid (scalloping)
• depletion of colloid

Question 20

most common type of thyroid cancer?

Answer 20

Papillary cancer (least malignant)

Question 21

most malignant type of thyroid cancer?

Answer 21

Undifferentiated/Anaplastic (least common)

Question 22

When is papillary carcinoma more malignant (ordinarily very responsive to treatment)?

Answer 22

when diagnosed in elderly

Question 23

psammoma body seen in

Answer 23

papillary carcinoma

Question 24

if papillary carcinoma were to METS, would it do so via lymph or blood?

Answer 24

lymph

Question 25

second most common thyroid cancer?

Answer 25

follicular carcinoma

more malignant than papillary carcinoma

Question 26

microscopic appearance of follicular carcinoma

Answer 26

encapsulated
well-defined follicles
*can be hard to distinguish from follicular adenoma

Question 27

which thyroid cancer shows proliferation of parafollicular cells (C cells) which results in excess amounts of?

Answer 27

• medullary carcinoma

- calcitonin (detectable in serum)

Question 28

microscopic appearance of medullary carcinoma?

Answer 28

• pink hyaline material

- amyloid stroma