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OTC Therapy > Skin Hyperpigmentation + Photoaging > Flashcards

Skin Hyperpigmentation + Photoaging Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main agents of photoaging?

A

Hydroquinone (skin bleach) and AHA

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2
Q

What are the causes of photoaging?

A
  1. Endocrine
  2. Inflammation
  3. Trauma
  4. Drugs
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3
Q

How many melanocytes are typically found per mm^2?

A

800-1000

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4
Q

What is vitiligo?

A

Loss of pigment

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5
Q

What ingredient in self tanning products are used to increase the tanning of lightened areas?

A

Dihydroacetone

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6
Q

What is dihydoracetone used for?

A

Ingredient in self tanning products are used to increase the tanning of lightened areas

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7
Q

What are the general types of hyperpigmentation for self care?

A
  1. Freckles (ephelides)
  2. Age spots/liver (solar or senile)
  3. Melasma at centrofacail region (can occur at pregnancy)
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8
Q

What are ephelides?

A

Freckles

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9
Q

How does hyperpigmentation present itself?

A

Discoloration; more intense brown due to overactive melanocytes

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10
Q

Darker skin people have (more/less) active melanocytes, and vice versa with lighter skin people

A

more

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11
Q

What endocrine conditions contribute to increased melanin?

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Addisons
  3. Cushings
  4. Hyperthyroidism
  5. Liver changes
  6. Nutrition deficiency
  7. Dermatosis
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12
Q

What are the main treatment approaches for hyperpigmentation?

A
  1. Skin bleaching
  2. Exfoliant/chemical peel
  3. Certain product/drugs
  4. Protecting the skin
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13
Q

What is the main pharmacologic treatment for hyperpigmentation?

A

Hydroquinone 2%

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14
Q

How does hydroquinone work?

A

Decreases tyrosinase enzyme, which decreases melanin

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15
Q

What can you add to hydroquinone to increase its effect?

A

AHA, retinoin, or topical steroids

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16
Q

How often should hydroquinone be applied?

A

Twice daily

17
Q

Should you apply hydroquinone before or after mosturizer?

A

Before

18
Q

What can you expect from the first few weeks using hydroquinone?

A

Transient inflammation; use topical hydrocortisone to alleviate it

19
Q

When should you see the doctor if you used hydroquinone?

A

No improvements in 3 months

20
Q

Besides hydroquinone, what are some other products to help with hyperpigmentation?

A

Lumixyl + Kojic Acid

21
Q

What are both Lumixyl + Kojic Acid MOA’s?

A

Inhibits tyrosine

22
Q

Which treatment of hyperpigmentation is a fungus species?

A

Kojic Acid

23
Q

Which treatment of hyperpigmentation has few AE’s than hydroquinone?

A

Lumixyl

24
Q

Which treatment of hyperpigmentation is NOT FDA approved and is used as an off-label?

A

Lumixyl

25
Q

What alternative agent for hyperpigmentation prevents transfer of melanin to skin cells?

A

Niacinamide/Niacin (B3)

26
Q

How is Vit. B3 different in terms of treatment of hyperpigmentation?

A

Does not affect tyrosinase activity

27
Q

If a pregnant pt comes up and asks if Hydroquinone is okay to use, what do you say?

A

Could be used if absolutely necessary (Category C), BUT best to refer to dermatologist/OB

28
Q

What are intrinsic factors of photoaging?

A

Stuff you CAN’T control; genetics, aging, sleep, endocrine

29
Q

What are extrinsic factors of photoaging?

A

Stuff you CAN control; environment, UVR, smoking, RX

30
Q

UVA vs UVB

Which is the primary source of sunburn

A

UVB

31
Q

UVA vs UVB

Which penetrates deeper, depletes collagen, and makes skin lose elasticity

A

UVA

32
Q

What is the clinical presentation of photoaging?

A

Change in color, texture, etc. Decreased elasticity, more wrinkles

33
Q

What are the treatment goals of photoaging?

A
  1. Reverse damage

2. Maintain skin from further damage

34
Q

What is the most common pharmacological treatment for photoaging?

A

Aquaglycolic Hand and Body Lotion 14%

35
Q

What are some pharmacologic treatment for photoaging?

A
  1. AHA >20%
  2. Safe concentration <10%?
  3. pH ≥ 3.5
  4. Combination w/ sunscreen
36
Q

What is AHA (Aquaglycolic) MOA?

A

Exfoliates dead skin cells, increases elasticity, decreases cracking,

37
Q

What is a way to improve AHA use on photoaging?

A

Lower pH

38
Q

How should you use AHA?

A

Wash skin, wait 10-15 min before applying

Start QOD (night) for 1 wk, then increase to twice daily.

Make sure to use sunblock (SPF30) and moisturizer

OTC Therapy (43 decks)

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