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OTC Therapy > Headaches & Fever > Flashcards

Headaches & Fever Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major groups of headaches?

A

Primary and secondary

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2
Q

Primary headaches account for ___% of headaches

A

90

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3
Q

Which major group of headache has an underlying medical condition?

A

Secondary

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4
Q

Which major group of headache can be fixed via self care?

A

Primary

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5
Q

What are the subgroups in primary headaches?

A
  1. Tension-type
  2. Migraine
  3. Sinus
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6
Q

What is the onset in sinus headaches?

A

Simultaneous with sinus symptoms

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7
Q

What is the onset in migraines?

A

Sudden

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8
Q

What is the onset in tension-type headaches?

A

Gradual

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9
Q

How long do migraines last?

A

Hours to 2-3 days

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10
Q

How long do sinus headaches last?

A

Days (resolved with sinus symptoms)

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11
Q

How long do tension-type headaches last?

A

Hours to days

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12
Q

What are some exclusions for self-treatment?

A
  1. Severe head pain
  2. > 10 days with or without treatment
  3. Last trimester of pregnancy
  4. < 8 years of age
  5. High fever or signs of serious infection
  6. History of liver disease
  7. Consumption of ≥3 alcoholic drinks per day
  8. Secondary headache – head trauma, stroke, substance abuse or withdrawal, bacterial or vial infection, or disorders of cranial structures
  9. No formal diagnosis of migraine headache
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13
Q

What are some non-pharmacological treatments for tension-type headaches?

A

Relaxation exercises + physical activity that involves stretching

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14
Q

Which type of headaches have non-pharmacological treatments?

A

Tension-type and migraines

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15
Q

What are some non-pharmacological treatments for migraines?

A
  1. Keep a regular schedule (sleep, eat, etc)
  2. Manage stress
  3. Diet restrictions w/ triggers
  4. Avoid hunger / low glucose
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16
Q

What is the recommended dose of APAP for <12 years of age?

A

Weight based; 10-15mg/kg every 4-6 hours

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17
Q

What is the max dose of APAP for <12 years of age?

A

480mg/dose or 2400mg/day

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18
Q

What is the recommended dose of APAP for ≥12 years of age?

A

325-1000 mg every 4-6 hour

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19
Q

What is the max dose of APAP for ≥12 years of age?

A

Max: 4g
Recommended: 3250mg

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20
Q

What is the recommended dose of Ibuprofen for <12 years of age?

A

Weight based; 5-10 mg/kg every 6-8 hours

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21
Q

What is the recommended dose of Ibuprofen for ≥12 years of age?

A

200-400 mg every 4-6 hours as needed

22
Q

What is the max dose of Ibuprofen for <12 years of age?

A

300 mg/dose or 1200mg/day

23
Q

What is the max dose of Ibuprofen for ≥12 years of age?

A

1200mg/day

24
Q

What is the recommended dose of Naproxen for <12 years of age?

A

DO NOT USE

25
Q

What is the max dose of Naproxen for ≥12 years of age?

A

Doesn’t list, but you can take 2 tabs within the first hour (660mg)

26
Q

What is the recommended dose of Naproxen for ≥12 years of age?

A

Take 220 mg every 8-12 hours as needed

27
Q

What is the recommended age for aspirin use?

A

≥19 years old

28
Q

What is acetaminophen’s boxed warning?

A

Risk of hepatotoxicity

29
Q

What are NSAID’s boxed warnings?

A
  1. Serious cardiovascular thrombotic events

2. Serious gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcerations, and perforation

30
Q

What is Aspirin’s boxed warning?

A

Reye’s Syndrome, dont take if you are a kid w/ chicken pox or has flu-like symptoms

31
Q

What should you take if you’re pregnant?

A

Acetaminophen

32
Q

What should you absolutely avoid if you’re pregnant?

A

NSAIDs and aspirin.

33
Q

When should you follow up on episodic tension-type headaches?

A

6-12 weeks

34
Q

When should you follow up on chronic tension-type headache

A

4-6 weeks

35
Q

When should you follow up on migraine headaches?

A

Within 10 days

36
Q

Which age group can use rectal thermometers?

A

<3 months

37
Q

Which age group can use oral thermometers?

A

≥3 years

38
Q

Which age group can use temporal thermometers?

A

≥3 years

39
Q

Which age group can use tympanic thermometers?

A

≥3 years

40
Q

Which thermometer is the most reliable?

A

Rectal

41
Q

Which age group should avoid Naproxen + Aspirin?

A

≤12 years

42
Q

Fever, Rectal temperature?

A

100.4˚F

43
Q

Fever, Oral temperature?

A

99.5˚F

44
Q

Fever, Axillary temperature?

A

99.3˚F

45
Q

Fever, Tympanic temperature?

A

100.0˚F

46
Q

Fever, Temporal temperature?

A

0-2months = 100.7˚F
3months-2years: 100.3˚F
>4years: 100.1˚F

47
Q

What are the exclusions for self-treatment of fever?

A
  1. <3 months of age with rectal temperature ≥100.4F (38.0 C)
  2. > 3 months of age with rectal temperature ≥104.0F (40.0 C) or equivalent
  3. Severe symptoms of infection
  4. Risk of hyperthermia (temperature >106F)
  5. Impaired O2 utilization in pulmonary or cardiac disease
  6. Impaired immune function
  7. CNS damage
  8. <2 years of age with fevers that persists >24 hours
  9. > 2 years of age with fevers that persists >3days with or without treatment
  10. Children with history of febrile seizures
  11. Children who displays any of these symptoms:
    •Spots or rash
    •Sleepy, irritable, or hard to wake up
    •Vomiting and cannot keep down fluids; refuses to
    drink any fluids
    •Repeated diarrhea
    •Stiff neck
48
Q

What are the non-pharmacologic treatments of fever?

A
  1. Drink more water
  2. Wear lightweight clothing
  3. Remove blankets
  4. Maintain comfortable room temperature
49
Q

What is not an acceptable non-pharmacologic treatment for fever?

A

Ice water bath or alcohol sponge bath

50
Q

How many days can you use acetaminophen or ibuprofen for self-treatment of fever?

A

Max = 3 days

OTC Therapy (43 decks)

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