Diarrhea Flashcards
What is diarrhea?
- Increase in stool frequency, liquidity, or weight
2. More than 3 bowel movements/day
Symptoms less than 14 days
Acute
Persistent
Chronic
Acute
Symptoms from 14 days to 4 weeks
Acute
Persistent
Chronic
Persistent
Symptoms that last more than 4 weeks
Acute
Persistent
Chronic
Chronic
Should refer to PCP
Acute
Persistent
Chronic
Persistent & Chronic
Usually self-limiting and eligible for self-care
Acute
Persistent
Chronic
Acute
Viral infections are the main culprit to diarrhea (T/F)
False; both viral and bacterial infections
Rotavirus usually affects…?
Infants + children
Norovirus usually affects…?
Adults
Osmotic vs secretory diarrhea
Which one causes flow of electrolytes + fluids into intestinal lumen?
Secretory
Osmotic vs secretory diarrhea
Which one includes unabsorbed solutes in lumen and leads to brush border damage?
Osmotic
Exclusions to self-treatment
Age?
<6 months, any severity
<2 yrs, moderate diarrhea
When should sport drinks be given?
> 5 yrs old
Why is having cola, ginger ale, apple juice, sport drinks not recommended for children under 6?
Too high in carbs and low in sodium
Is tea appropriate for young children?
Nope, too low in sodium
Is chicken broth appropriate for young children?
Nope, too high in sodium
Why kind of diet should you avoid?
- BRAT (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast)
2. Fatty foods, simple sugar, caffeine
MOA of Loperamide?
Stimulates peripheral micro-opiod receptors of intestinal circular muscles to slow intestinal motility, which allows absorption of electrolytes and water
At what age is Loperamide not recommended?
<6 yrs old
Loperamide
Pepto-Bismol
Digestive Enzymes
Indicated for afebrile pt w/ acute/traveler’s diarrhea or chronic diarrhea associated w/ IBS
Loperamide
Loperamide
Pepto-Bismol
Digestive Enzymes
AE = Life-threatening ileus and toxic megacolon (children)
Loperamide
Loperamide
Pepto-Bismol
Digestive Enzymes
Not recommended in food poisoning
Loperamide
Loperamide
Pepto-Bismol
Digestive Enzymes
Initial dose = 4, then 2mg after each loose stool. Dont exceed 8mg/day
Loperamide
What is the dosing of Loperamide?
4mg initially, 2mg after each loose stool, dont exceed 8mg
6-8yrs = 2mg initially, then 1mg, dont exceed 4mg
9-11yrs = same dose as 6-8, but dont exceed 6mg
Loperamide
Pepto-Bismol
Digestive Enzymes
MOA = direct antimicrobial effects against E. Coli and anti-secretory effects
Pepto-Bismol
MOA of Pepto-Bismol?
Bismuth = antimicrobial effect against E. Coli
Salicylate = anti-secretory effect
What age is appropriate for Pepto-Bismol?
≥12 yrs old
Loperamide
Pepto-Bismol
Digestive Enzymes
AE = black stool (harmless) + darkening of the tongue
Pepto-Bismol
Loperamide
Pepto-Bismol
Digestive Enzymes
MOA = stimulates peripheral micro-opiod receptors to slow intestinal motility and allow absorption
Loperamide
Dosing of PeptoI-Bismol?
525mg every 30-60min
Do not exceed 4200mg
Loperamide
Pepto-Bismol
Digestive Enzymes
Prevents osmotic diarrhea
Digestive enzymes
Loperamide
Pepto-Bismol
Digestive Enzymes
Used to prevent traveler’s diarrhea?
Pepto-Bismol
Loperamide
Pepto-Bismol
Digestive Enzymes
Just indicated for acute diarrhea and traveler’s diarrhea
Pepto-Bismol
Probiotics are useful in (rotavirus/norovirus)
rotavirus
