Allergies Flashcards

1
Q

Diphenhydramine Class

A

1st Gen antihistamine

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2
Q

Loratadine Class

A

2nd Gen antihistamine

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3
Q

Cromolyn Class

A

Mast Cell Stabilizer

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4
Q

Fluticasone Class

A

Corticosteroid

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5
Q

Which drug can prevent rhinitis?

  1. Phenylephrine
  2. Cromolyn
  3. Fluticasone
  4. Loratadine
A

Cromolyn

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6
Q

What are the major kinds of allergic rhinitis?

A

Seasonal (intermittent) + Perennial (persistent)

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7
Q

How would you diagnose allergic rhinitis?

A
  1. Positive allergy test
  2. Postive RAST
  3. High lvls of IgE
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8
Q

Is rhinitis due to allergy?

A

Not all the time. Can be caused by nasal congestion or throat pain

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9
Q

Symptoms occur ≤4 times per week OR lasts for ≤4 weeks

  1. Intermittent AR
  2. Persistent AR
A

Intermittent AR

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10
Q

Symptoms occur ≥4 times per week AND lasts for ≥4 weeks

  1. Intermittent AR
  2. Persistent AR
A

Persistent AR

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11
Q

To classify mild allergic rhinitis, what kind of symptoms occur?

A

Symptoms that are not troublesome

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12
Q

To classify moderate to severe allergic rhinitis, what kind of symptoms occur?

A

Symptoms that ARE troublesome

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13
Q

What are some exclusions for self-care of rhinitis?

A

Children <12 yrs old

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14
Q

How would you treat mild intermittent AR?

A

Oral antihistamine and if possible, add decongestant (if no cardio problem)

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15
Q

How would you treat moderate to severe intermittent AR?

A

Intranasal corticosteroid or oral antihistamine and if possible, add decongestant (if no cardio problem)

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16
Q

How would you treat mild persistent AR?

A

Intranasal corticosteroid or oral antihistamine and if possible, add decongestant (if no cardio problem)

17
Q

How would you treat moderate to severe persistent AR?

A

Intranasal corticosteroid (preferred)*** or oral antihistamine and if possible, add decongestant (if no cardio problem)

18
Q

If AR symptoms are controlled, what should you do with the pt?

A

Reassess in one month

19
Q

If AR symptoms are NOT controlled, what should you do with the pt?

A

Check for adherence (up the dose, different RX), then reassess in month

20
Q

For intranasal corticosteroid, how long before you may see maximal effect?

A

2wks +

21
Q

1st Gen vs 2nd Gen antihistamines

Extremely sedating

A

1st Gen

22
Q

1st Gen vs 2nd Gen antihistamines

May produce excitation in children

A

1st Gen

23
Q

1st Gen vs 2nd Gen antihistamines

Drying effect

A

1st Gen

24
Q

1st Gen vs 2nd Gen antihistamines

Less effective on nasal secretion

A

2nd Gen

25
Q

1st Gen vs 2nd Gen antihistamines

Most beneficial w/ itching and sneezing

A

2nd Gen

26
Q

When is the best time to use antihistamines?

A

Before Sx begin

27
Q

Fluticasone is approved for use in….

A

Adults + children <4yrs old

28
Q

(T/F) Most of what is administered intra-nasally is swallowed.

A

True

29
Q

(T/F) There is a lot of systemic absorption of fluticasone + triamcinolone

A

False; very minimal absorption

30
Q

What kind of RX is most effective in Tx of AR?

A

Intranasal coricosteroids

31
Q

Intranasal corticosteroid MOA

A

Inhibits allergic cascade and blocks histamine production and other inflammatory mediators

32
Q

Cromolyn MOA

A

Prevents degranulation of mast cells, an initial event in allergy cascade

33
Q

(T/F) Cromolyn is somewhat effective if given after Sx begin?

A

False; ineffective if given after Sx begin

34
Q

Which has a lower efficacy, Cromolyn or Intranasal corticosteroids?

A

Cromolyn

35
Q

First Gen antihistamines can treat all symptoms of allergic rhinitis except what?

A

Congestion