Skin disease Flashcards
What species usually suffer with fleas ?
-dog , cat , rabbit
What is dog flea ?
ctenocephalides canis
4 cutaneous reaction patterns of cats
-head and neck pruritis
-symmetrical alopecia
-eosinophillic granuloma complex
-miliary dermatitis
Common presentation of fleas
pruritis
What species commonly present with lice ?
farm , horses , guinea pigs , birds
Surface mite common in cattle and where they occur .
chorioptes bovis - tailhead and lower legs
Surface mites common in sheep and how present
psoroptes ovis - sheep scab
chorioptes bovis - scrotal manage
Surface mites found in horses and how they present .
chorioptes equi - leg/tail mange
psoroptes - body and ear mange
neotrombicula ( harvest mite ) - head/legs - late summer/autumn
Surface mites found in dogs and cats and how they present
otodectes ( ear mite ) -otitis , exudate
cheyletiella (fur mite ) truncal scale -zoonotic
neotrombicula ( harvest mite ) - head/limbs later summer/autumn
surface mites found on rabbits and how they present
cheyletiella ( fur mite ) -truncal scale - zoonotic
leporacus gibbus ( fur mite ) often asymptomatic
psoroptes cuniculi ( ear mite ) flakey crust
Burrowing mites in dogs and how present
-sarcoptes scabiei - sarcoptic mange , pruritis , zoonotic
-demodex - folliculitis , furunculosis, common in young and elderly
Burrowing mite in guinea pigs and how present
trixicarus - extreme pruritis , zoonotic
Burrowing mite that effects birds how it presents
cnemidocoptes - scaley beak , scaley leg
What is sweet itch and how is it caused ?
-hypersensitivity in horses to midges saliva , pruritis , lesions on neck,tail base and face
What might be causing skin disease via an ectoparasite if we can’t find any on the animal ?
-midges - hypersensitivity , transmit disease
-nuisance flies
- red mite - lives in environment ( only poultry )
Which 3 ways can microbes enter the skin
-follicles
-direct through damaged skin
-haematogenous spreads ( rare )
how to label bacterial skin diseases ?
-depth
-inflammatory response , pyogenic ( neutrophills - pyoderma ) , granulomatous ( macrophages ) , necrotising ( vascular damage )
-lesion distribution and severity
different types of bacterial skin diseases
-surface pyoderma
-superficial pyoderma
-deep pyoderma
-bacterial granulomatous dermatitis
-skin lesions secondary to systemic bacterial or infection with toxin producing bacteria
Give examples of surface pyoderma in dogs and how they present .
-intertrigo- skin fold pyoderma , neutrophillic inflammation
-acute moist dermatitis - acute lesion from skin self-trauma
-bacterial overgrowth syndrome - no/minimal inflammation , pruritic
Give examples of superficial pyodermas and how they present .
-bacterial folliculitis - pustule , papules , epidermal collarettes
-impetigo
-exfoliative superficial pyoderma - scale
*
-all present papules/pustules —-crust , epidermal collarettes/scale , follicular plugs , alopecia
-all primarily neutrophilic
Bacterial folliculitis
infection within hair follicle
impetigo
interfollicular infection of epidermis
exfoliative superficial pyoderma
infection between layers of stratum corneum
Give example of deep pyoderma and how they can present
-furunculosis - pyogranulomatous inflammation ( neutrophills and macrophages )
-abscess - due to wound or foreign body
-cellulitis
- all associated with nodules and thickening
Furunculosis
extension of folliculitis where hair follicle wall ruptures allowing microbes and free keratin in the dermis
TRUE /FALSE granulomas don’t come into epidermis
true - macrophages are too big
Cellulitis
neutrophilic inflammation of deep sub cut connective tissue
Give example of bacterial granulomatous dermatitis
*caused by traumatic implantation of saprophytic organisms
-mycobacterial granulomas/pyogranulomas
-non-filamentous bacterial granulomas - lesions contain small yellow granules
-filamentous bacterial granulomas - nodular masses that may involve bone e.g lumpy jaw in cow , actinomycosis
erysipelas
systemic bacterial infection in pigs causes vascular damage of the skin and necrosis
-diamond shaped lesions
how to diagnose bacterial disease ?
-cytology - lesion surface , exudate , FNA find out inflammatory cell type
-culture - biopsy , exudate , pustule
-histopathology - skin biopsy
What principles to consider when treating bacterial skin disease ?
- kill organism - avoid antibiotics and use topical antibacterials , NEED systemic antibiotics for deep infections , * IF abscess only need antibiotics if cellulitis or pyrexic
-enhance bodies defences
-address underlying cause
different types of viral skin disease
-vesicular
-papilloma
-pox
Why are vesicular diseases so important ?
lots are notifiable
Give some examples of vesicular skin diseases
-foot and mouth
-vesicular stomatitis
-swine vesicular disease
-blue tongue
-rinderpest
How do papilloma viruses present ?
-papillomas = warts
-plaques
-cattle, horse and dogs
How to pox viruses present ?
macules, papules , vesicles , pustules , crusts
TRUE/FALSE myxomatosis is a type of pox virus
true
TRUE/FALSE cowpox is rare in cattle but affects cats
true
Name some other types of viral skin diseases
-porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome - blotchy skin lesions
-psittacine beak
-border disease
Name a protozoal skin disease and how presents
leishmaniasis
-many signs seen in uk from dogs imported from endemic areas ( spread by blood-sucking sand flies )
Pemphigus foliaceus
immune mediated disease where antibodies attack desmosomes ( specifically desmocolin 1 in the dog )
Papule
small solid elevation of skin smaller than 1cm diameter
Pustule
small skin elevation filled with pus , smaller than 1 cm
Scale
rafts of immature keratinocytes which accumulate at the skin surface
Crust
when exudate dry on skin surface
