Renal failure Flashcards
define renal failure
-loss of urine concentrating ability
-persistent azotaemia
-high SDMA
Define chronic kidney disease
presence of functional /structural changes in 1 or both kidneys for 3 months
Define acute kidney injury
sudden onset damage to kidney
State and briefly describe causes of AKI
-poor renal perfusion/cardiovascular disease /severe hypoxia - in critical care/emergency cases
-nephrotoxins e.g anti-freeze = ethylene glycol ,NSAIDS ( especially dehydrated patients )
-obstructive =calculi/blood clots and neoplasia
-infection - local-pyelonephritis , systemic -lepto , abcess
-hypercalcaemia
-glomerular vasculopathy - alabama rot
State and briefly describe causes CKD
-familial diseases e.g juvenile nephropathy in boxers
-immune mediated disease/inflammation - glomerulonephritis , protein losing nephropathy
-unknown - most cases
*usually consequence of any cause of AKI where renal damage doesn’t reverse but isn’t fatal
Name and briefly describe some ureteric abnormalities .
-congenital - ectopic ureters - will see incontinence ,urine scalding, UTI
-trauma
-ureteral obstruction - neoplasia ,blood clot m calculi ( calcium oxalate ) * can get unilaterally - little kidney big kidney
State some reasons for egg drop .
-seasonality
-hens gone broody
-geriatric stock - 5-6yrs
-environmental stress
-flock mortality /morbidity
-malnutrition
-viral/bacterial/parasitic disease - avian influenza , newcastles disease ,infectious bronchitis ,infectious laryngotracheitis , mycoplasma , egg peritonitis
What is egg peritonitis ? clinical signs ?
=egg yolk in coelomic cavity causing a foreign body reaction
-prone to secondary infection with E.coli
-lethargy
-stop laying
-upright posture
-weight gain with reduced appetite
-dirty around vent
How would you treat egg peritonitis ?
-drain ascites
-NSAID - withhold egg 7 days
-antibiotics - not always needed ( enrofloxacin )
-vaccines
