Repro pathogens

Question 1

What can commonly occur due to commensals post-partum ?

Answer 1

-damage to the endometrium when placenta detaches - deeper layers exposed cause metritis ( in myometrium ) , can heal partly endometritis.

Question 2

What can commonly occur due to commensals at mating

Answer 2

-bacteria come in but are rapidly cleared by immune system
-if already had damage can persist = mating-induced endometritis

Question 3

What can commonly occur due to pathogenic bacteria at mating ? with examples and the effect this may have on pregnancy .

Answer 3

-can invade without the uterus needing to be damaged or abnormal
-if deeply invasive - metritis
-no pregnancy or pregnancy loss
-pathogens e.g
taylorella - cause endometritis
bovine venreal camplylobacter - cause endometritis

Question 4

How can herpes virus be transmitted ?

Answer 4

-in resp tract and repro tract

Question 5

What can occur if pregnant animal gets herpes ?

Answer 5

-may invade placenta and cause resorption or abortion

Question 6

How is herpes virus different when it transmits venerally?

Answer 6

more likely to cause local vesicular disease than pregnancy loss but some might be able to spread

Question 7

Briefly describe acute FIV .

Answer 7

mild , decline in CD4+ ( they’re targeted because have CD134 receptor ) , most recover from this and become carriers

Question 8

Briefly describe sub-acute FIV .

Answer 8

asymptomatic , CD4 continues to reduce , immune response reduce circulating viral load , can remain in this stage for may years

Question 9

Breifly describe secondary FIV .

Answer 9

-CD4+ decline and CD8+ ratio higher than CD4+
-reduction in circulating antibodies allowing viral load to build therefore can’t fight infections as well ( get infections that shouldn’t be struggling to get rid of )
-severe immunosuppression

Question 10

True hermaphrodite

Answer 10

karotype xx
ovarian and testicular tissue - ovotestis

Question 11

Male psuedohermaphrodite

Answer 11

karotype XY
can recognise testes
incompletely masculinised - external or internal genitalia can be of either

Question 12

Female pseudohermaphrodite

Answer 12

karotype XX
feminine internal
masculised external

Question 13

What are paraovarian cysts?

Answer 13

cyst of the mesonephric tubules , paramesonephric ducts , mesonephric ducts

Question 14

What is the most common neoplasm that can occur in ovary ? describe lesion

Answer 14

-sex-cord stromal tumours - granulosa cell tumour
=large , multinodular , haemorrhagic necrosis , call-exner bodies

Question 15

What tumours can occur in the uterus and external genitalia ?

Answer 15

-smooth muscle tumours - leiomyoma

Question 16

The ascending infection of what common pathogens cause mastitis in cows ?

Answer 16

strep agalactiae
( staph aureus )

Question 17

Name and briefly describe pathology in testes and epididymis

Answer 17

-cryptorchid
-testicular hypoplasia - deficiency , endocrine , genetic , no spermatogenisis less cells
-testicular atrophy - caused infection , deficiency , less cells and multinucleated spermatids
-orchitis
-epididymis - *brucella in sheep notifiable
-neoplasia

Question 18

What are 3 types of testicular neoplasia ?

Answer 18

-seminoma - germ cell tumour
-interstitial cell tumour - leydig cell tumour
-sertoli cell tumour

*almost always benign

Question 19

What do cells look like in a seminoma ?

Answer 19

-polyhedral
-large nucleus
-thin rim cytoplasm

Question 20

Prostatic disease

Answer 20

-hyperplasia - older entire
-prostatitis - old
-carcinoma - older dogs