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NAPLEX - OUR cards > Skin Conditions > Flashcards

Skin Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What natural product has been used to treat cold sores?

A

Lysine

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2
Q

Main drugs that can discolor skin and secrtions

A 
Levodopa, entacapone (Brown)
Methocarbamol
Metronidazole, tinidazole
Nitrofurantoin
Sulfasalazine
Phenazopyridine
Amiodarone
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3
Q

Classification of acne

A

Mild: few, occasional pimples
Moderate: inflammatory papules
Severe: nodules and cysts

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4
Q

OTC meds for acne

A

Benzoyl peroxide: most effective OTC agent
Also comes in combonation products as Rx
Salicyclic acid: mildly useful, in many medicated pads

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5
Q

Usual drug of choice for acne

A

topical retinoids (Vit A analogs)
Tretinoin (Atralin, Retin-A, more)
Adapalene (differin)
Tazarotene (Tazorac) (reserved for harder cases)

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6
Q

Notes for topical retinoids

A 
Limit sun exposure
Apply daily, usually at bedtime
only need pea-sized amount for face
takes 4-12 weeks to see response; may worsen acne at first
Differin 1% gel is now OTC
Main SE: skin irritation 
Adapalene + benzyl peroxide (Epiduo)
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7
Q

Notes for benzyl peroxide

A 
start with 2.5-5% 
Limit sun exposure
Combo with other drugs;
Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Hydrocortisone
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8
Q

Topical antibiotics used for acne

A

Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Dapsone (Aczone)
Takes 2-6 weeks to see effect

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9
Q

Isotretinoin

A

oral retinoid
Claravis and other brands
only for severe acne
0.5-1 mg/kg/day divided BID
2 forms of birth control required (birth defects)
females: 2 negative preg test prior to starting
SEs: dry mouth, dry eyes, photosensitivity

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10
Q

Oral antibiotics for acne

A

Minocycline (Solodyn)
Doxycycline
Can be used if 12+ y/o
Bactrim has been used sometimes

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11
Q

Drugs used for alopecia

A 
Finasteride (propecia):
5-alpha reductase inhibitor
1 mg daily
see effects after 3+ months
Must be used indefinitely 
Less sexual side effects w/ lower dose
Topical minoxidil (Rogaine):
Available in 2% and 5%
Used indefinitely
Used in men and women
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12
Q

Latissee

A

Bimatoprost solution
for thinning eyelashes
use nightly, apply to skin at the base of the upper eyelash

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13
Q

Cold sores are caused by:

A

herpes simplex virus
HSV-1 in children usually
HSV-2 when older

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14
Q

Cold sore notes

A

Sore eruption is preceded by tingling, itching soreness
start taking meds ASAP to reduce sore duration
OTC:
Docosanol (Abreva) - apply 5x/day at first sign of outbreak
RX:
Acyclovir (Zovirax) - 5x/day x 4 days
Penciclovir (Denavir) - apply q2hs while awake x 4 days
Recurrence > 4x/year: might b=require chronic suppression therapy.

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15
Q

Causes and treatment of dandruff

A 
Eczema or fungal overgrowth
OTC:
Selenium sulfide shampoos
Rub in well and leave in for 5 mins
Rx:
Ketoconazole shampoo (Nizoral A-D):
apply twice weekly for up to 8 weeks
can cause skin irritation
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16
Q

Diaper rash treatments

A

Desitin (petrolatum + zinc oxide) - dry out skin, skin protectant
A&D oint (petrolatum)
Vusion (miconazole/zinc oxide/ petrolatum)
Low dose hydrocortisone (only used for a few days)

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17
Q

eczema backgroud

A

aka atopic dematitis
skin rashes that become crusty and scaly
can be caused by environmental irritants/allergens
Moisturizers decr severity (Aquaphor, Eucerin)

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18
Q

Eczema treatment

A 
Moisturizers
1st line: topical steroids (oral for outbreaks)
antihistamines for itching 
If steroids don't work:
topical calcineurin inhibitors (2+ y/o)
used for short-periods of time = incr risk of skin cancer
Tacrolimus (Protopic)
Pimecrolimus (Elidel)
Topical PDE-4 inhibitor
Crisaborole (Eucrisa)
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19
Q

Tinea pedis

A

athlete’s foot

itching, peeling, redness, mild burning, sores (rare)

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20
Q

Tinea cruris

A

Jock itch
affects genitals, inner thighs, buttocks
red, itchy rash (can be ring-shaped)

21
Q

Tinea corporis

A

Ringworm (not a worm)
can appear anywhere on body
The outer part of the sore can become raised
Tinea capitis - ringworm on the scalp - treated systemically

22
Q

OTC drugs used for topical fungal infections

A 
Terbinafine (Lamisil AT)
Butenafine (Lotrimin ultra)
Clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF)
Tolnaftate (Tinactin powder, use for prevention = put in shoes after gym, etc)
Undecylenic acid (Fungi-Nail)

used for 2-4 weeks
creams work best
Terbinafine and butenafine are highly effective

23
Q

RX drugs used for topical fungal infections

A

Betamethasone/clotrimazole (Lotrisone)
Ketoconazole
Luliconazole (Luzu)

24
Q

Onychomycosis (tinea inguium)

A

fungal infection of toenail & fingernail

topicals are only reserved for mild cases; usually need systemic treatment

25
Q

Onychomycosis (tinea inguium) treatment

A 
FDA-approved:
Itraconazole (Sporanox)
200 mg daily x 12 w (pulse-dosing for finger nails)
Terbinafine oral (Lamisil) 
250 mg daily x 6w (finger) x 12w (toe)
Off-label: fluconazole, posaconazole
Topicals
Ciclopirox (usually used in combo with oral meds)
Tavaborole (Kerydin)
Efinaconazole (Jublia)
26
Q

Fungal vaginal infections

A

More common week before menses
Symptoms: itching, soreness, pain urinating/during sex, cottage cheese discharge (some)
vaginal creams can weaken latex in condoms

27
Q

Vaginal fungal infection treatments

A 
OTC/Topicals:
Butoconazole (1 day)
Clotrimazole
Miconazole ( Monistat 3 and others)
Terconazole (Terazol 7)
Oral: 
Fluconazole 150 mg x 1

7-10 days of treatment for complicated infections, preg

28
Q

Treatment for genital warts

A

Imiquimod cream (Aldara, Zyclara)
Apply at bedtime to affected area, wash off after 8 hrs, use 3x/week for max of 16 weeks
Cause skin burning, edema, redness, itching

29
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

swollen blood vessels in the lower rectum
Treatment:
Fiber/stool softener to reduce straining
Phenylephrine (Preparation H) - shrinks hemrrhoids
Hydrocortisone - reduce inflammation and itching
Witch Hazel (Tuck’s pads) - astringent that relieves itching

suppositories used for internal hemorrhoids

30
Q

Treatment for scabies

A

primarily spread through sexual contact
permethrin cream (Elimite) + 2 doses of ivermectin (Stromectol) taken 1 week apart
Ivermectin: poorly tolerated; arthralgias, skin tenderness, pruritis, fever

31
Q

Treatment for lice

A

Permethrin is DOC
Make sure to use lice comb to get out Nits or the med will not work.
Use nit comb every 2-3 days
Most drugs require re-treatment after 7-10 days
Wash all clothes and bedding in hot water
Other meds:
Spinosad (Natroba) - 4+ yrs
Malathion (Ovide)
Ivermectin top (Sklice) 6+ mons

32
Q

Neosporin

A

polymyxin, bacitracin, neomycin

33
Q

Polysporin

A

bacitracin and polymyxin

34
Q

Cortisporin

A

bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin, Hydrocortisone

rx only

35
Q

Pinworm (Vermicularis) infection

A 
most common in children and presents as anal itching 
OTC:
Pyrantel (Reese's Pinworm)
3 treatments seperated by 3 weeks
Pamix and Pin-X
Rx:
Albendazole (Albenza)
Mebendazole
Cause HA, nausea, hepatoxicity
Albendazole: given with anticonvulsants and high-dose steroids to decr CNS inflammation
Take with high fat meal
36
Q

Toxin of poison ivy, oak, sumac

A

Uroshiol

37
Q

Treatments for poison ivy, etc

A

Aluminum acetate (Burrow’s) - astringent
Colloidal oatmeal (Aveeno)
Calamine + pramoxine
topical and oral steroids can be used

make sure to wash exposed area of the body with soap and water ASAP
Cold compress can help too

38
Q

OTC hydrocostisone strength

A

0.5% and 1%

39
Q

Steroid vehicle influence

A

Highest to weakest strength

Oint (form skin barrier) -> creams -> lotions -> solutions -> gels -> sprays

40
Q

What oral med can be given for urticaria (hives)?

A

oral antihistamines
2nd gen preferred due to less sedation

Others:
Famotidine
Hydroxyzine

41
Q

Best type of sunscreen to use

A 
"broad spectrum"
covers UVA (aging) and UVB (burning)
at least SPF of 15-30 or higher
apply at least every 2 hours
re-apply after swimming or sweating
42
Q

Very high potency topical steroids

A

Clobetasol (Clobex/Cormax)
Betamethasone oint (Diprolene)
Halobetasol (Ultravate)
Fluocinonide (Vanos)

43
Q

High potency topical steroids

A

Betamethasone cream
Mometasone oint (Elocon)
Fluocinonide (Lidex) 0.05 % oint
Desoximetasone (Topicort)

44
Q

High-Med potency topical steroids

A

Fluticasone (Cutivate)

Fluocinonide 0.05% cream

45
Q

Medium potency topical steroids

A 
Mometasone cream (oint is high potency)
Triamcinolone (Kenalog)
Flucinolone oint (Synalar)
Hydrocortisone valerate (Westcort oint)
46
Q

Lower potency topical steroids

A

Desonide (DesOwen) Lotion
Hydrocortison valerate cream (westcort cream)
hydrocortisone butyrate (Locoid)/ probutate (Pandel)

47
Q

Mild potency topical steroids

A

Desonide gel/cream/foam

FLucinolone oil/solution

48
Q

Lowest potency topical steroids

A

hydrocortisone acetate all forms and strengths

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