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NAPLEX - OUR cards > Ophthalmics & Otics > Flashcards

Ophthalmics & Otics Flashcards

1
Q

Ear drops can be administer into the eyes (t/f)

A

FALSE

But eye drops can be admin into the ears

Eye drops require a specific pH

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2
Q

Normal range of intraocular pressure (IOP)

A

12-22 mmHg

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3
Q

Drugs that can increase IOP

A 
anticholinergics (oxybutynin, TCAs)
antihistamines 
scopolamine 
Chronic steroids (includ prednisolone eye drops)
Topiramate
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4
Q

Most effective drugs for decreasing IOP in glaucoma

A

Prostaglandin analogs

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5
Q

What is the preferred agent for pts that have glaucoma in just one eye?

A

Beta blockers

bc PG analogs can cause iris discoloration

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6
Q

Difference between open angle glaucoma and close angle glaucoma:

A

open-angle: most common, treated with eye drops

close-angle: sudden incr in IOP that is treated with emergency surgery

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7
Q

MOA of PG analogs

A

increase aqueous fluid outflow

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8
Q

Xalatan

A

latanoprost
PG analog
store unopen bottle in fridge

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9
Q

Xalacom

A

latanoprost + timolol

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10
Q

Travatan Z

A

travoprost
PG analog

only PG that does not contain BAK (preservative)

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11
Q

Lumigan

A

bimatoprost

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12
Q

PG analog dosing

A

1 drop QHS

except for Unoprostone which is BID

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13
Q

PG analog main side effects

A

Darkening of iris, eyelashes
incr in eyelash length
blurred vision
stinging

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14
Q

What PG analog is marketed for incr eyelash length?

A

Bimatoprost (Latisse)

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15
Q

MOA of action of Beta blockers in glaucoma

A

reduce aqueous humor production

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16
Q

Timoptic

A

timolol 0.25 %, 0.5% drops

dosed QD or BID

17
Q

Timoptic XE

A

timolol gel

dosed daily

18
Q

Combigan

A

timolol + brimonidine

19
Q

Cosopt

A

timolol + dorzolamide

20
Q

All OPH beta blockers are non selective, except for….

A

Betaxolol (Betoptic)

21
Q

MOA of cholinergics

A

incr aqueous outflow

22
Q

Cholinergics used for glaucoma:

A

Carbachol: up to TID

Pilocarpine: up to 6 times per day

23
Q

MOA of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

reduce aqueous humor production

24
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for glaucoma: [4]

A

Dorzolamide (Trusopt)
Acetazolamide (PO, rarely used for glaucoma)
Brinzolamide (Azopt)
Methazolamide (Neptazane)

Dose BID- TID

25
Q

Warning for carbonic anhydrase inhibitros

A

avoid in pts with true sulfa allergy

causes blurred vision, dry eye, discharge

26
Q

Simbrinza

A

Brinzolamide + brimonidine

27
Q

MOA of alpha-2 agonists in glaucoma

A

incr aqueous outflox

decr aqueous humor production

28
Q

Available alpha-2 agonist: [3]

A

Brimonidine (Alphagan)
Dipiverfrin (Propine)
Apraclonidine (Iopidine)

29
Q

Conjunctivitis can be caused by what?

A

Viruses
Bacteria
Allergens
Irritants

30
Q

Common antibiotics used for bacterial conjunctivits

A

Azithromycin (Azasite) - store in fridge
Ciprofloxacin (Ciloxan)
Ofloxacin (Ocuflox)
Trimethoprim/Polymyxin b (Polytrim)

31
Q

Products used for allergic conjunctivitis

A

Mast cell stabilizers (cromolyn)
Antihistamines:
Azelastine (Optivar)
Olopatadine (Patanol)

32
Q

Agents used for inflammation associated with conjunctivitis

A 
Mild (NSAIDs):
Ketorolac 
Bromfenac
Mod-Severe (steroids):
Dexamethasone
Prednisolone (Pred forte)
33
Q

Drugs that can cause changes in vision or damage

A 
alpha blockers
amiodarone
digoxin
Hydroxychloroquine
PDE-5 inhibitors
34
Q

When would antibiotic ear drops be used?

A

outer ear infections (otitis externa)

not otitis media

35
Q

Common antibiotic ear drops

A

Cipro + hydrocortisone (Cipro HC)
Cipro + dexamethasone (Ciprodex)
Neomycin + various steroids

36
Q

What product is used to remove ear wax?

A

Carbamide peroxide (Debrox)

37
Q

Difference in ear drop admin in kids less than:

A

Pull ear lobe down and back

3+ y/o: pull up and back

NAPLEX - OUR cards (83 decks)

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