Ophthalmics & Otics Flashcards by Jimmy Hayden

Ear drops can be administer into the eyes (t/f)

FALSE

But eye drops can be admin into the ears

Eye drops require a specific pH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Normal range of intraocular pressure (IOP)

12-22 mmHg

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Drugs that can increase IOP

anticholinergics (oxybutynin, TCAs)
antihistamines 
scopolamine 
Chronic steroids (includ prednisolone eye drops)
Topiramate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Most effective drugs for decreasing IOP in glaucoma

Prostaglandin analogs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the preferred agent for pts that have glaucoma in just one eye?

Beta blockers

bc PG analogs can cause iris discoloration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Difference between open angle glaucoma and close angle glaucoma:

open-angle: most common, treated with eye drops

close-angle: sudden incr in IOP that is treated with emergency surgery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MOA of PG analogs

increase aqueous fluid outflow

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Xalatan

latanoprost
PG analog
store unopen bottle in fridge

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Xalacom

latanoprost + timolol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Travatan Z

travoprost
PG analog

only PG that does not contain BAK (preservative)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lumigan

bimatoprost

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

PG analog dosing

1 drop QHS

except for Unoprostone which is BID

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

PG analog main side effects

Darkening of iris, eyelashes
incr in eyelash length
blurred vision
stinging

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What PG analog is marketed for incr eyelash length?

Bimatoprost (Latisse)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MOA of action of Beta blockers in glaucoma

reduce aqueous humor production

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Timoptic

timolol 0.25 %, 0.5% drops

dosed QD or BID

Timoptic XE

timolol gel

dosed daily

Combigan

timolol + brimonidine

Cosopt

timolol + dorzolamide

All OPH beta blockers are non selective, except for….

Betaxolol (Betoptic)

MOA of cholinergics

incr aqueous outflow

Cholinergics used for glaucoma:

Carbachol: up to TID

Pilocarpine: up to 6 times per day

MOA of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

reduce aqueous humor production

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for glaucoma: [4]

Dorzolamide (Trusopt)
Acetazolamide (PO, rarely used for glaucoma)
Brinzolamide (Azopt)
Methazolamide (Neptazane)

Dose BID- TID

Warning for carbonic anhydrase inhibitros

avoid in pts with true sulfa allergy causes blurred vision, dry eye, discharge

Simbrinza

Brinzolamide + brimonidine

MOA of alpha-2 agonists in glaucoma

incr aqueous outflox | decr aqueous humor production

Available alpha-2 agonist: [3]

Brimonidine (Alphagan) Dipiverfrin (Propine) Apraclonidine (Iopidine)

Conjunctivitis can be caused by what?

Viruses Bacteria Allergens Irritants

Common antibiotics used for bacterial conjunctivits

Azithromycin (Azasite) - store in fridge Ciprofloxacin (Ciloxan) Ofloxacin (Ocuflox) Trimethoprim/Polymyxin b (Polytrim)

Products used for allergic conjunctivitis

Mast cell stabilizers (cromolyn) Antihistamines: Azelastine (Optivar) Olopatadine (Patanol)

Agents used for inflammation associated with conjunctivitis

``` Mild (NSAIDs): Ketorolac Bromfenac Mod-Severe (steroids): Dexamethasone Prednisolone (Pred forte) ```

Drugs that can cause changes in vision or damage

``` alpha blockers amiodarone digoxin Hydroxychloroquine PDE-5 inhibitors ```

When would antibiotic ear drops be used?

outer ear infections (otitis externa) not otitis media

Common antibiotic ear drops

Cipro + hydrocortisone (Cipro HC) Cipro + dexamethasone (Ciprodex) Neomycin + various steroids

What product is used to remove ear wax?

Carbamide peroxide (Debrox)

Difference in ear drop admin in kids less than:

Pull ear lobe down and back 3+ y/o: pull up and back