Oncology I: Part I Flashcards
7 warning signs of cancer
Change in bowel/bladder habits A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere Indigestion/ difficultly swallowing Obvious change in wort/mole Nagging cough/hoarseness
Screening recommendations for breast cancer
40-44: some women may start annual mammograms
45-54: yearly mammograms
55+: every 2 years or yearly
Screening recommendations for cervical cancer
21-29: PAP smear every 3 yrs
30-65: PAP + HPV every 5 yrs (or PAP q 3 yrs)
Screening recommendations for colon cancer
50+: colonoscopy q 10 yrs Flexible sigmoidoscopy q 5 yrs Barium enema q 5 yrs CT colonography q 5 yrs
Screening recommendations for lung cancer
55-74: Chest CT scan q year if:
in good health
at least 30 pack-year history
still smoking or quit w/in 15 yrs
Screening recommendations for prostate cancer
50+ yrs:
PSA test +/- digital rectal exam
Most common cancer in the US
skin cancer Basal and squamous cell: very survivable if detected early melanoma: less common, but cause 75% of skin cancer related deaths ABCDE: Asymmetry Border Color (not the same throughout) Diameter (> 6 mm) Evolving
rapidly dividing cells of the body
GI tract
hair follicles
bone marrow
*sites of most common side effects
Chemo drugs that have max doses
Bleomycin: lifetime dose = 400 units (pulmonary tox)
Doxorubicin: lifetime = 450-550 mg/m2 (cardiotox)
Cisplatin: 100 mg/m2 max dose/cycle (nephro tox)
Vincristine: single dose max of 2 mg (neuropathy)
Most chemo drugs cause myelosuppression EXCEPT:
Asparaginase Bleomycin Vincristine Most tyrosine kinase inhibitors monoclonal antibodies
Chemo drugs that are highly emetogenic
*Cisplatin* doxorubicin epirubicin cyclophosphamide ifosfamide
Drugs known to cause mucositis
*FU
*capecitabine
*irinotecan
*MTX
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (afatinib, ponatinib, etc)
Drugs known to cause diarrhea
- FU
- Capecitabine
- irinotecan
- many tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Drugs known to cause constipation
- Vincristine
- pomalidomide
- thalidomide
Drugs known to cause cardiomyopathy
*anthracyclines (doxorubicin, dexrazoxane, etc.)
HER2 inhibitors
FU
lapatinib
Drugs known to cause QT prolongation
Aresneic trioxide
*tyrosine kinase inhibitors
leuprolide
Drugs known to cause pulmonary fibrosis
- bleomycin
- busulfan
- carmustine
- lomustine
Drugs known to cause pneumonitis
MTX
some monoclonal antibodies
Drugs known to cause hepatotoxicty
Antiandrogens (bicalutamide, flutamide)
Folate antimetabolites (MTX, pemetrexed)
tyrosine kinase inhibitors
some monoclonal antibodies (nivolumab)
Drugs known to cause nephrotoxicty
*cisplatin
*methotrexate
pemetrexed
bevacizumab
nivolumab
Drugs known to cause hemorrhagic cyctitis
- Ifosfamide (all doses),
* cyclophosphamide (higher doses)
Drugs known to cause neuropathy
*Vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine, etc)
*platinums (cisplatin, oxaliplatin)
*taxanes (paclitaxel)
thalidomide
Drugs know to cause clotting risk
Anastrozole, letrozole
Tamoxifen (SERM)
thalidomide, lenalidomide
Amifostine is used as adjunctive med for what chemo agent?
Cisplatin
Brand Name = Ethyol
use prophylactically to prevent nephrotoxicity
