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NAPLEX - OUR cards > Oncology I: Part I > Flashcards

Oncology I: Part I Flashcards

1
Q

7 warning signs of cancer

A 
Change in bowel/bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
Indigestion/ difficultly swallowing 
Obvious change in wort/mole
Nagging cough/hoarseness
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2
Q

Screening recommendations for breast cancer

A

40-44: some women may start annual mammograms
45-54: yearly mammograms
55+: every 2 years or yearly

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3
Q

Screening recommendations for cervical cancer

A

21-29: PAP smear every 3 yrs

30-65: PAP + HPV every 5 yrs (or PAP q 3 yrs)

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4
Q

Screening recommendations for colon cancer

A 
50+: 
colonoscopy q 10 yrs
Flexible sigmoidoscopy q 5 yrs
Barium enema q 5 yrs
CT colonography q 5 yrs
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5
Q

Screening recommendations for lung cancer

A

55-74: Chest CT scan q year if:
in good health
at least 30 pack-year history
still smoking or quit w/in 15 yrs

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6
Q

Screening recommendations for prostate cancer

A

50+ yrs:

PSA test +/- digital rectal exam

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7
Q

Most common cancer in the US

A 
skin cancer
Basal and squamous cell: very survivable if detected early
melanoma: less common, but cause 75% of skin cancer related deaths
ABCDE:
Asymmetry
Border
Color (not the same throughout)
Diameter (> 6 mm)
Evolving
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8
Q

rapidly dividing cells of the body

A

GI tract
hair follicles
bone marrow

*sites of most common side effects

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9
Q

Chemo drugs that have max doses

A

Bleomycin: lifetime dose = 400 units (pulmonary tox)
Doxorubicin: lifetime = 450-550 mg/m2 (cardiotox)
Cisplatin: 100 mg/m2 max dose/cycle (nephro tox)
Vincristine: single dose max of 2 mg (neuropathy)

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10
Q

Most chemo drugs cause myelosuppression EXCEPT:

A 
Asparaginase
Bleomycin
Vincristine
Most tyrosine kinase inhibitors
monoclonal antibodies
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11
Q

Chemo drugs that are highly emetogenic

A 
*Cisplatin*
doxorubicin
epirubicin
cyclophosphamide
ifosfamide
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12
Q

Drugs known to cause mucositis

A

*FU
*capecitabine
*irinotecan
*MTX
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (afatinib, ponatinib, etc)

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13
Q

Drugs known to cause diarrhea

A
  • FU
  • Capecitabine
  • irinotecan
  • many tyrosine kinase inhibitors
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14
Q

Drugs known to cause constipation

A
  • Vincristine
  • pomalidomide
  • thalidomide
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15
Q

Drugs known to cause cardiomyopathy

A

*anthracyclines (doxorubicin, dexrazoxane, etc.)
HER2 inhibitors
FU
lapatinib

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16
Q

Drugs known to cause QT prolongation

A

Aresneic trioxide
*tyrosine kinase inhibitors
leuprolide

17
Q

Drugs known to cause pulmonary fibrosis

A
  • bleomycin
  • busulfan
  • carmustine
  • lomustine
18
Q

Drugs known to cause pneumonitis

A

MTX

some monoclonal antibodies

19
Q

Drugs known to cause hepatotoxicty

A

Antiandrogens (bicalutamide, flutamide)
Folate antimetabolites (MTX, pemetrexed)
tyrosine kinase inhibitors
some monoclonal antibodies (nivolumab)

20
Q

Drugs known to cause nephrotoxicty

A

*cisplatin
*methotrexate
pemetrexed
bevacizumab
nivolumab

21
Q

Drugs known to cause hemorrhagic cyctitis

A
  • Ifosfamide (all doses),

* cyclophosphamide (higher doses)

22
Q

Drugs known to cause neuropathy

A

*Vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine, etc)
*platinums (cisplatin, oxaliplatin)
*taxanes (paclitaxel)
thalidomide

23
Q

Drugs know to cause clotting risk

A

Anastrozole, letrozole
Tamoxifen (SERM)
thalidomide, lenalidomide

24
Q

Amifostine is used as adjunctive med for what chemo agent?

A

Cisplatin

Brand Name = Ethyol
use prophylactically to prevent nephrotoxicity

25
Q

Dexrazoxane is used as adjunctive med for what chemo agent?

A

Doxorubicin
2 different brand names
Zinecard = prophylaxis for cardiomyopathy
Totect = treatment for extravasation

26
Q

Leucovovorin is used as adjunctive med for what chemo agent?

A

Flurouracil: to enhance FU efficacy

MTX: given after to decr myelosuppression, mucositis, and used as an antidote for overdose

27
Q

Uridine is used as adjunctive med for what chemo agent?

A

FU or capecitabine
used an antidote for overdose; use w/in 96 hrs
Brand = Vistogard

28
Q

Mesna is used as adjunctive med for what chemo agent?

A

Ifosfamide
prophylaxis for hemorrhagic cystitis
Brand = Mesnex

29
Q

Atropine and loperamide is used as adjunctive med for what chemo agent?

A

Irinotecan

used to treat or prevent diarrhea

30
Q

Other drugs that can be used for MTX toxicity besides leucovorin

A

Levoleucovorin (Fusilev)

GLucarpidase (Voraxaze)

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