Infectious Diseases II: Upper Respiratory Infections Flashcards
Most common cause of acute otitis media
Viral pathogens
Common symptoms of acute otitis media
Otorrhea (middle ear fluid)
bulging tympanic membrane
otalgia (ear pain)
fever
When would you consider a delay in starting antibiotics for AOM?
It pt has mild symptoms and doesn’t have otorrhea
Observe for 48-72 hrs for clinical improvement
First line antibiotics for AOM
amoxicillin 80-90 mg/kg/day in 2 doses
OR
Amox/clav 90 mg/kg/day in 2 doses (14:1 ratio)
Alternative antibiotics for AOM (PCN allergy)
Cefdinir
Cefuroxime
Cefodoxime
Ceftriaxone
limited cross sensitivity
When using amox/clav use the formulation with the lowest amount of clavulanate (t/f)
True
Lower dose = less diarrhea
Antibiotics used if there is treatment failure
Amox/clav
Ceftriaxone 50 mg/kg daily x 3 days
Recommended duration of therapy for AOM
< 2 y/o: 10 days
2-5 y/o: 7 days
6+ y/o: 5-7 days
AOM prevention
Prevnar 13 vaccine for children 2+ months old
annual flu vaccine for 6+ mons old
Recommended agents for pain in AOM
ibuprofen
APAP
What bacteria cause “strep throat” (pharyngitis)?
S. pyogenes
1st line treatment for strep throat
penicillin
amoxicillin
1st/2nd gen cephalosporin
Treatment for strep throat with beta lactam allergy
clarithromycin
azithromycin
CLindamycin
Usual duration of treatment for strep throat
10 days
5 days for azithromycin
Commo bacterial causes of sinusitis
s. pneumoniae
h. influenzae
Staph
Anaerobes
Gram - rods
