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NAPLEX - OUR cards > Infectious Diseases I: Beta Lactams > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases I: Beta Lactams Flashcards

1
Q

Natural penicllins coverage

A

mainly gram + cocci

entercoccus and anaerobes (mouth flora)

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2
Q

Aminopenicillins coverage

A 
Gram + cocci
Gram - bacilli: (HNPEK)
Haemophilus
neisseria
proteus
e.coli
klebsiella
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3
Q

Adding beta-lactamase inhibitors adds..

A

MSSA coverage
incr gram - coverage
gram - anaerobes (B. fragilis)

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4
Q

Nafcillin/oxacillin/dicloxacillin coverage

A

MSSA coverage

no entercoccuus

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5
Q

zosyn coverage

A

expanded gram - coverage
Citrobacter, acinetobacter, Providencia, Enterobacter, Serratia (CAPES)
Pseudomonas

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6
Q

Bicillin L-A

A

penicillin G benzathine
only IM
can cause cardiorespiratory arrest if given IV

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7
Q

Pfizerpen-G

A

Penicillin G aqueous

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8
Q

Common AE’s for penicillins

A

GI upset
diarrhea
rash
seizures with accumulation (renal dysfunction, long-term use)

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9
Q

dosing frequency of Pfizerpen-G

A

q4-6h

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10
Q

Moxatag

A

amoxicillin XR

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11
Q

Unasyn dosing frequency

A

ampicillin/sulbactam

q6h

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12
Q

Better oral bioavailability: amoxicillin or ampicillin?

A

amoxicillin

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13
Q

Zosyn prolonged infusions

A

infuse over 4 hours

q8h

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14
Q

When should amoxil 875 mg and amox XR 775 mg be avoided?

A

When crcl < 30

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15
Q

Oral antistaphylococcal pcn

A

dicloxacillin

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16
Q

Increased clavulanate is associated with…

A

increased diarrhea

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17
Q

Drug of choice for syphilis

A

Bicillin L-A 2.4 mil units IM x1

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18
Q

PCNs increase conc of which drug

A

methotrexate

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19
Q

PCNs decrease conc of which drug

A

mycophenolate

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20
Q

Dicloxacillin and nafcillin can increase INR (t/f)

A

False, actually decrease INR by increasing metabolism of warfarin

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21
Q

Coverage of 1st gen cephalosporins

A

gram + cocci (MSSA)

Some gram - rods (proteus, e. coli, klebsiella) PEK

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22
Q

Coverage of 2nd gen cephalosporins

A

s. pnem, haemophilus, neisseria, proteus, e coli, klebsiella (HNPEK)

Some (cefotetan, cefoxitin) have anaerobic coverage

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23
Q

Coverage of 3rd gen cephalosporins

A

Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime: more-resistant strep, enhanced gram - coverage

Ceftazadime: no gram +, covers psudomonas
+ b-lactamase inhibitor: MDR psuedomonas and other gram -

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24
Q

Coverage of 4th gen cephalosporins

A

broad gram - coverage (pseudomonas)
gram + coverage similar to ceftriaxone

4th gen = cefepime

25
Q

Ceftaroline

A

“5th generation”
similar coverage to ceftriaxone
covers MRSA

26
Q

cephalosporins do NOT cover..,..

A

enterococcus

atypicals

27
Q

1st gen cephalosporins

A

cefadroxil (PO)
cefazolin (IV)
Cephalexin

28
Q

Common uses of cephalexin

A

MSSA skin infections

strep throat

29
Q

Common uses of cefazolin

A

surgical prophylaxis

30
Q

2nd gen cephalosporins

A 
Cefaclor (PO)
Cefprozil (po)
Cefuroxime (po/iv/im)
Cefotetan (iv/im)
Cefoxitin (iv/im)
31
Q

Which 2nd gen cephalosporins cover gram - anaerobes?

A

Cefotetan
Cefoxitin

start with cefo-

32
Q

Ceclor

A

cefaclor

33
Q

Ceftin

A

cefuroxime

34
Q

Common use of cefuroxime

A

otitis media
CAP
Sinus infection

35
Q

Cefotan

A

cefotetan

can cause disulfiram-like reaction

36
Q

Common use of cefotetan and cefoxitin

A

surgical prophylaxis for colorectal surgeries

covers anaerobes

37
Q

3rd gen cephalosporins

A 
cefdinir (PO)
cefditoren (PO)
Cefixime (po)
Cefpodoxime (po)
Ceftibuten (po)
Ceftriaxone (iv/im)
Cefotaxime (iv/im)
Ceftazidime (iv/im)
38
Q

Avycaz

A

ceftazidime/avibactam
cover MDR gram -
some carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae

39
Q

Zerbaxa

A

ceftolozane/tazobactam

cover MDR gram -

40
Q

Rocehphin

A

ceftriaxone

41
Q

Claforan

A

Cefotaxime

42
Q

Cephalosporin that does NOT require renal adjustment

A

ceftriaxone

43
Q

Maxipime

A

Cefepime

only 4th gen cephalosporin

44
Q

Teflaro

A

Ceftaroline
5th gen
covers MRSA
broadest gram + coverage

45
Q

separate oral cephalosporins (cefuroxime, cefdinir, cefpodoxime) and acid-reducing agents by how many hours?

A

2 hours from short-acting agents

avoid H2RAs and PPIs

46
Q

Carbapenems are considered narrow spectrum agents (t/f)

A

False, broad-spectrum

usually reserved for MDR gram - infections

47
Q

All carbapenems have similar coverage except for….

A

ertapenem

48
Q

Ertapenem does not cover…

A

Pseudomonas
Acinetobacter
Enterococcus

49
Q

What do carbapenems NOT cover?

A 
atypicals
VRE
MRSA
C. diff
stenotrophomonas
50
Q

Carbapenems are associated with this CNS adverese effect?

A

seizures (esp. imipenem/cilastatin)

use caution with pts with epilepsy and other drugs that lower seizure threshold

51
Q

Doribax

renal adjustment cut-off

A

Doripenem
dosed q8h
Crcl < 50

52
Q

Primaxin

renal adjustment cut-off

A

Imipenem/cilastatin
dosed q6-8h
Crcl< 70

53
Q

Merrem

renal adjustment cut-off

A

Meropenem
dosed q8h
crcl< 50

54
Q

Invanz

renal adjustment cut-off

A

Ertapenem
dosed q daily
crcl < 30

55
Q

Invanz must be diluted with….

A

Normal saline

56
Q

carbapenems cover ESBL producing organisms (t/f)

A

true

57
Q

Aztreonam is classified as…

A

a Monobactam

58
Q

Aztreonam coverage

A

Gram - ONLY

including pseudomonas

59
Q

Aztreonam brand name

A

Azactam

Cayston (inhaled form for CF)

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