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Z Derm/Breast/Eyes Conditions Year 3 > Skin Cancer > Flashcards

Skin Cancer Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is most common skin cancer?

A
  1. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
  2. Followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
  3. Then Malignant melanoma
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2
Q

What is the most deadly skin cancer?

A

malignant melanoma

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3
Q

What is the defintion for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

cancer of keratinocytes in epidermis

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4
Q

What does normal epidermis contain?

A

squamous cells, basal cells and melanocytes

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5
Q

what are RF for SCC?

A
  1. UV light
  2. FHx
  3. Lighter skin
  4. Actinic keratosis (pre-cancerous condition)
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6
Q

What are symptoms of SCC?

A
  1. hyperkeratotic

2. ulcerate

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7
Q

What is the invasion like in SCC?

A
  1. Local invasion (e.g. into dermis)

2. Can metastasise

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8
Q

What are common sites of metastasises for SCC?

A
  • Lung
  • Bone
  • Brain
  • Liver
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9
Q

What is the defintion of basal cell carcinoma?

A

cancer of keratinocytes in epidermis (in stratum basale)

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10
Q

What are RF for BCC?

A
  1. UV light
  2. FHx
  3. Lighter skin
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11
Q

What is the invasion like for BCC?

A

• Slow growing
• Local invasion
(e.g. into dermis)
• DOESN’T TYPICALLY METASTASISE

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12
Q

What is a lesion like in BCC?

A
  1. Nodule
  2. Pearly edges
  3. Rolled edges
  4. Central ulcer
    (rodent ulcer)
  5. Central fine
    telangiectasia
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13
Q

What are subtypes of BCC?

A
  1. Nodular
  2. Morpheic
  3. Superficial
  4. Pigemented
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14
Q

Which is the most common subtype of BCC?

A

nodular

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15
Q

What is morpheic BCC?

A
  1. yellow waxy plaque

2. scar-like

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16
Q

What is superficial BCC?

A

flat shape

17
Q

What is pigemented BCC?

A
  1. Dense colour
  2. Specks of colour
  3. harder to distinguish melanoma
18
Q

What is the definition of malignant melanoma?

A

cancer of melanocytes in epidermis

19
Q

What are RF for malignant melanoma?

A
  1. UV light
  2. FHx
  3. Lighter skin
20
Q

What is the invasion like for malignant melanoma?

A
  • Local invasion (e.g. into dermis)

* Can metastasise

21
Q

Where are common sites of metastases for melaignant melanoma?

A
  • Lung
  • Bone
  • Brain
  • Liver
22
Q

How is the lesion for malignant melanoma described?

A
  1. Asymmetry
    1. Border
      (irregular)
    2. Colour
      (pigmented)
    3. Diameter >6mm
    4. Evolution
      (size/shape)
    5. May bleed, itchy, ulcerate, crust over
23
Q

What is the referral time for different skin cancers?

A
  • Melanoma - urgent referral (2 weeks)
  • SqCC – urgent referral (2 weeks)
  • BCC – routine referral (6 weeks)
24
Q

What are the bedside tests for skin cancer?

A
  1. Physical examination
  2. Basic observation
  3. Dermatoscope
25
Q

What bloods are done for skin cancer?

A
  1. Calcium (bone mets or PTHrp)
  2. ALP (bone mets)
  3. LFTs (liver mets)
26
Q

What imaging is done for skin cancer?

A

CT/MRI/PET (for staging)

27
Q

What is the biopsy like in skin cancer?

A
  • Skin biopsy

- Breslow Thickness

28
Q

What is breslow thickness?

A

Breslow thickness for melanoma (measured in mm from surface of skin down to deepest point in tumour) -> used for prognosis and guiding surgical removal management – lower is better

29
Q

How do you treat in situ SqCC?

A

cryotherapy

30
Q

How do you treat invasive SqCC?

A
  1. Surgical excision

2. Radiotherapy

31
Q

How do you treat non-cosmetrically challenging BCC?

A

Surgical excision

32
Q

How do you treat cosmetrcally challenging BCC?

A

Mohs surgery

33
Q

How do you treat early stage melanoma?

A

Surgical excision with lymph node biopsy

34
Q

How do you treat resectable advanced melanoma?

A

Surgery and systemic therapy (nivolumab)

35
Q

How do you treat advanced lesions?

A

Systemic therapy (nivolumab) and treat metastases

Z Derm/Breast/Eyes Conditions Year 3 (25 decks)

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