Eczema + Atopic Dermatitis Flashcards
What are different types of eczema?
- Atopic dermatitis
- Contact dermatitis
- Discoid dermatitis
What is atopic dermatitis?
type of eczema, an inflammatory skin condition
What is contact dermatitis?
allergic or irritant skin reaction caused by external agent
When is contact dermatitis common?
occupations involving water or wet work such as
- food industry workers
- machine operators
- farmers
- healthcare professionals
- cleaners
- florists
- beauticians
- hairdressers
What is the epid eczema?
- common in children (20% of children)
- affects all ages
- many people outgrow the conditions after adolescence
What is the epid of atopic dermatitis?
- common in children (affects 3%)
2. present in early childhood initially involvement of face then flexural limbs
When do people get atopic dermatitis?
- genetics
- environment
- may be PMHx or FHx of atopic triad conditions
What is the atopic triad?
- Atopic dermatitis
- Allergic rhinitis (allergies)
- Asthma
What is symptoms and signs of contact dermatitis?
- Confined to one area
- Acute (24-48h after contact)
- Pruritus
- Burning
- Erythema
What are symptoms of atopic dermatitis?
- Dry
- Pruritic skin
- Chronic relapsing course
What are acute eruptions of atopic dermatitis characterised by?
- erythematous lesions that are itchy and dry
2. can lead to excoriations, fissures and infections
What areas are typically involved for atopic dermatitis?
flexures (particularly wrist, ankles, antecubital fossa and popliteal fossa)
What are possible DDx for eczema and atopic dermatitis?
- Seborrhoeic dermatitis
- Irritant contact dermatitis
- Allergic contact dermatitis
- Scabies
- Psoriasis
- Mycosis fungoides
What investigations are needed for contact dermatitis?
patch testing conducted to identify the allergen
What investigations are needed for atopic dermatitis?
IgE - RAST (atopic dermatitis): radioallergosorbent test detects specific IgE antibodies
but mostly clinical diagnosis
What is the 1st line treatment for eczema and atopic dermatitis?
1st line: emollients
- Intermittent topical corticosteroids
- Topical or oral antibiotic therapy
What is the 2nd line treatment for eczema and atopic dermatitis?
2nd line: systemic immunosuppressive agent
What are complications for eczema and atopic dermatitis?
- Psychological stress
- Systemic adverse effects of topical corticosteroids
- Systemic adverse effects of ciclosporin
What are prognosis for eczema and atopic dermatitis?
60% of children will have symptom resolution as they enter puberty, but relapse may occur in 50%
What are subtypes of eczema?
- atopic dermatitis
- contact dermtitis
- discoid dermatitis
- seborrheic dermatitis
- eczema herpeticum
- Dyshydrotic aka pompholyx
Is eczema autoimmune?
NOO
What gene mutation is associated with eczema?
Filaggrin gene mutation
What type of reaction is atopic dermatitis?
- Type I/IV hypersensitivity
- (Ig-E mediated)
- Flexures
What type of reaction is contact dermatitis?
1. Type IV hypersensitivity (delayed) 2. Often nickel/latex 3. Two types: Irritant and allergic
What is discoid dermatitis like?
- Middle-aged/elderly
2. Coin-shaped plaques
What is seborrheic dermatitis?
- Yellow, greasy scaly rash
2. Distribution: eyebrows, nasolabial, scalp (cradle cap)
What is eczema herpeticum?
- MEDICAL EMERGENCY
(Can disseminate) - Superimposed HSV-1
What is Dyshidrotic (AKA pompholyx)?
- Itchy/painful blisters
- Distribution:
palms + plantars
(i.e. hands + feet)
What is the different between skin patch and skin prick testing?
Skin patch testing and skin prick testing not same (skin prick for food allergy)
What is chronic treatment for eczema?
emollients with low potentency corticosteroids
What is buzz word for eczema?
lichenification
