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semester 1 > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three layers of the skin

A

epidermis
dermis
hypodermis

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2
Q

what is hypodermis made of? what is its function?

A

adipose tissue and loose connective tissue
energy
insulation
shock absorber
make hormones such as leptin
connect skin to underlying muscle and bone

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3
Q

What layers are in the dermis? What is its function?

A

top- papillary dermis
reticular dermis
dermal papillae
contains structures such as hairs, sweat glands, sensory structures

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4
Q

Name the layers of the epidermis top to bottom

A

s. corneum
s. lucidum (palms + soles of feet only)
S. granuloseum
s. spinosum
s. basale

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5
Q

What are the epithelial cells of the epidermis held by?

A

adherens

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6
Q

What is the S. corneum made of/ function?

A

squames (dead keratinocytes)
prone to injury
continuously shed

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7
Q

What is the S. lucidum made of/ function?

A

very thin palms and soles only

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8
Q

What is the S. granulosum made of/ function?

A

stratified squamous epithelium
lamellar granules
tonofibrils

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9
Q

What is the S. spinosum made of/ function?

A

cuboidal epithelial cells held together by desmosomes
produce lamellar bodies
golgi apparatus first appears

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10
Q

What is the S. basale made of/ function?

A

tall columnar

cell division cells differentiate and migrate + differentiate to keratinocytes

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11
Q

What is the normal transit time of a keratinocyte from basale to corneum? what happens in psoriasis ? what is it called when too much keratin produced?

A

28-40 days
time reduced in psoriasis to silvery scales
corneum replaced every 2-3 days
hyperkeratosis

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12
Q

Name three other cells in the epidermis and their function

A

melanocytes- produce melanin (pigment)
langerhans cells- specialised antigen presenting cell to mediate immune reponse
merkel- mechanoreceptors

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13
Q

Name the four types of skin. what is the generalisation often made?

A 
hair 
non-hairy 
thin 
thick
hairy often thin 
non-hairy often thick
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14
Q

Describe the differences between hairy (thin) and non-hairy (thick) skin

A

thick (non-hairy):
no hair follicles/ sebaceous glands/ arrector pilli muscles
s. corneum thicker and dermis thinner
increase no mechanoreceptors
found palms/ soles/ between fingers and toes
ridges and furrowsregualr dermal papillae
s lucidum seen

thin (hairy):
hair follicles/ sebaceous glands/ arrector pilli muscles present 
smaller ridges and furrows
irregular dermal papillae
s. lucidum absent
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15
Q

What are skin appendages? name a few.

A 
skin associated structures that serve a particular function 
hairs 
arrector pili muscles 
sebaceous glands 
sweat glands 
nails
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16
Q

Name the three types of hair and when they are found.

A

lanugo- fetus
vellus- replaces lanugo
terminal - head scalp etc due to testosterone

17
Q

what are the main functions of hair?

A

thermoregulation
sexual attraction
sensation
protection

18
Q

What are arrector pilli muscles?

A

SM fibers attached to papillary region of dermis (origin) and hair bulb (insertion)
contraction causes goose bumps

19
Q

What are nails made of and what are their function?

A

alpha keratin
protect
help with sensitivity and pressure

20
Q

What do free nerve endings detect?

A

pain

21
Q

what do tactile discs detect?

A

touch pressure texture

22
Q

what do meissner corpuscles detect?

A

tapping and flickering movements

23
Q

what do pacinian corpuscle detect

A

vibration

24
Q

what do ruffini corpuscle detect

A

joint movement and tissue stretch

25
Q

what does the root hair plexus detect?

A

vibrations in hair shaft

26
Q

what do end bulbs detect?

A

thermoreceptors

27
Q

Name the main signs of inflammation. What are they caused by?

A 
rubor ( redness) 
tumor (swelling) 
calor ( heat) 
dolor (pain)
functio laesa (loss of function)
pruritus (itching)

caused by
vasodilation
increased microvasculature permeability
influx of leukocytes

28
Q

What is TEM?

A

toxic epidermal neurolysis

severe muco-cutaneous drug reaction

semester 1 (45 decks)

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