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semester 1 > Connective tissue > Flashcards

Connective tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 6 types of connective tissue

A 
dense fibrous connective tissue
loose connective tissue 
adipose tissue 
blood 
bone 
cartilage
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2
Q

What are the three components of connective tissue

A

cells e.g. fibroblasts
ground substance
fibres

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3
Q

What makes up the ECM?

A

ground substance and fibres

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4
Q

Name 6 functions of connective tissue

A 
binding and supporting 
protecting 
insulating 
fuel reserves and store 
transport of substances 
separation of tissues
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5
Q

What is loose connective tissue also known as?

A

alveolar tissue

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6
Q

What fibre is not present in loose connective tissue?

A

reticulin

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7
Q

What are the main fibers in loose connective tissue?

A

elastin

collagen

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8
Q

What is the function of fibroblasts?

A

produce fibres in ground substance

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9
Q

What is a myofibroblast?

A

specialised fibroblast that produces actin and myosin

important role in wound healing

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10
Q

What are macrophages in tissues called?

A

histiocytes

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11
Q

What is the function of macrophages in connective tissue?

A

phagocytic

professional antigen presenting cells

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12
Q

What cells release granules upon stimulation by allergen?

A

mast cells

contain IgE for allergen on surface inducing release

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13
Q

What three things are released by mast cells?

A

histamine
heparin (anticoagulant)
cytokines to activate eosinophils and neutrophils

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14
Q

Where are mast cells not found?

A

CNS to avoid oedema effects if activated

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15
Q

Where is the nucleus and cytoplasm in white adipocytes?

A

to on side

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16
Q

How many lipid droplets in white adipocyte compared with a brown adipocyte?

A

white- one large droplet

brown- multiple smaller droplets

17
Q

Where is the nucleus located in a brown adipocyte?

A

central

18
Q

So white or brown adipocytes have an increase number of mitochondria?

A

brown

19
Q

Functions of white adipocyte?

A

padding
insulation
energy reserve

20
Q

Functions of brown adipocyte?

A

heat production and energy reserve

21
Q

What type of collagen is found in tendons?

A

type i

22
Q

What type of collagen is in hyaline and elastic cartilage?

A

type ii

23
Q

What type of collagen is also know as reticulin

A

type iii

24
Q

What type of collagen is only specialised for the basement membrane?

A

type IV

25
Q

In which layer of BV’s is elastin found ?

A

tunica media

26
Q

What hydrates the ground substance?

A

the attraction of water by the sugar group on gags

27
Q

What are proteoglycans

A

core protein with gags attached

28
Q

In regular dense connective tissue how are the collagen fibers arranged?

A

parallel, in line with tensile force exerted by the muscle

29
Q

In irregular dense connective tissue how are the collagen fibers arranged?

A

all directions to resist stress in all directions

30
Q

Where can irregular dense connective tissue be found?

A

deep layer of dermis

31
Q

What are the collagen fibers in ligaments wrapped in ?

A

loose connective tissue creating fascicle

32
Q

How is collagen arranged in fascia ?

A

wavey pattern parallel to direction of pull

can withstand unidirectional tension until wavy pattern of fibers straightened out

33
Q

What is scurvy? Why does it result in problems with connective tissue?

A

vitamin C deficiency

needed for formation of procollagen, hydroxylates proline and lysine

34
Q

What is marfan’s syndrome ?

A

autosomal dominant disorder

mutation in fibrillin I gene resulting in abnormal elastin

35
Q

What is osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

brittle bone disease
autosomal dominant
results from mutation in collagen

36
Q

What are three symptoms of scurvy?

A

gum disease
impaired bone formation
poor wound healing

37
Q

What are three features of marfan’s syndrome?

A 
arachnodactyly 
joint dislocation 
greater span than height 
risk of aortic rupture 
tall and thin
38
Q

What are some features of osteogenesis imperfecta?

A 
weaken bones 
short 
hearing loss
hypermobility 
poor teeth development

semester 1 (45 decks)

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