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semester 1 > Lymphatic system > Flashcards

Lymphatic system Flashcards

1
Q

What is lymph

A

thin fluid that resembles plasma

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2
Q

what is lymph from GI tract called?

A

chyle

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3
Q

How many litres of lymph is produced a day

A

3-4

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4
Q

Describe the structure of lymphatic vessels

A

not open ended have endothelial cells at end

valves between endothelial cells- allows flow to be unidirectional

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5
Q

What forces valves in lymph vessels to open?

A

oncotic pressure

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6
Q

Explain lymph flow dynamics

A

valves- unidirectional flow
oncotic pressure forces valves open
muscle contraction aids lymph movement
some larger lymph vessels have SM in walls
adjacent to cv vessels compress lymph vessel propelling lymph

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7
Q

where is the lymphatic system not found

A

brain

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8
Q

what is the functional unit of a lymph vessel called

A

lymphagion

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9
Q

what sort of valves are present in lymphatic trunks or ducts

A

fibrocartilaginous valves

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10
Q

what trunk/duct does chyle drain into

A

cisterna chyli

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11
Q

where does lymph from upper R quadrant flow

A

right subclavian vein and internal jugular vein

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12
Q

where does lymph from everywhere but the R quadrant flow to

A

left subclavian vein and internal jugular vein

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13
Q

what is the role of lymph nodes

A

filter lymph on way to vascular system

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14
Q

what are lymph nodes in neck called

A

cervical

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15
Q

what are lymph nodes in groin called

A

inguinal

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16
Q

what are lymph nodes in the armpit called

A

axillae

17
Q

Describe lymph nodes

A

kidney shape
several afferent lymphatic vessels on convex surface
single efferent vessel on concave surface ( hilium)
also feeding artery and draining vein that enter and leave by hilium
contain follicles ( germinal centres) with immune cells
reticulin fibers
capsule is made from collagen I and III

18
Q

what are enlarged lymph nodes called

A

lymphadenopathy

19
Q

what is cancer in lymph nodes called

A

lymphoma

hodgkins and non hodgkins

20
Q

Name 6 lymphatic organs

A 
thymus 
spleen 
tonsils 
vermiform appendix 
payer patches
21
Q

Where is the thymus? what is its role?

A

superior mediastinum
similar to lymph node but no hilium
T cell maturation

22
Q

Where is the spleen? what is its function?

A

inferior diaphragm
posterior stomach
red and white pulp
filter blood

white pulp–> immune function–>apc/ activate b/ t cells/ remove macromolecular antigens from blood
red pulp –> haemopoeitic function –> remove old erythrocytes

23
Q

Where are the tonsils? What are their function?

A

oropharynx / nasal pharynx
nodules inferior to surface crypts
prevent pathogen ingress through nasal/ orally/aurally
surface Microfold cells that are APC s
swelling results form t and b cell proliferation

24
Q

Where is the vermiform appendix? what is it role?

A

inferior to and attached to caecum (ascending colon)
nodules inferior to crypts like tonsiles
Microfold cells on surface

25
Q

what are payer’s patches

A

inferior to and attached to ileum
nodules inferior to crypts again
m fold cells on surface
prevent pathogen ingress through digestion

26
Q

what are the main functions of the lymphatic system

A

fluid balance
transport fats and fat soluble vits (chyle)
defence against pathogens
storage and destruction of erythrocytes

27
Q

how can sentinel lymph nodes be used to look for cancer spread?

A 
first ones to swell 
methylblue fluoroglucose 
injected
probe identify metabolically active tissue 
identify metastatic tissue
28
Q

Name causes of primary lymphodema

A 
congential (milroy's disease) - FLT4 gene mutation--> missing endothelial cells in vessel wall
before 2
Praecox (Meige diease) - 2-36 yr
unknown cause 
TARDA- over 35 unknown cause
29
Q

Name causes of secondary lymphodema

A 
neoplasia 
surgery 
radiotherapy 
autoimmune 
infection
30
Q

main treatment for lymphodema?

A

lympha press

semester 1 (45 decks)

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