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semester 1 > ANS ICCP > Flashcards

ANS ICCP Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three subdivisions of the ANS

A

sympathetic
parasympthetic
enteric

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2
Q

What does the parasympathetic ns control?

A

rest and digest

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3
Q

What does the sympathetic ns control?

A

fight or flight

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4
Q

Where do the cell bodies of the parasympathetic NS originate ?

A

lateral horn medullary or scaral spinal cord

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5
Q

Where do the cell bodies of the sympathetic NS ?originate ?

A

lateral horn of the lumbar or thoracic spinal cord

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6
Q

Are the preganglionic axons of the sympathetic NS myelinated?

A

yes

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7
Q

Are the post ganglionic axons of the sympathetic NS myelinated?

A

no

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8
Q

Are the preganglionic axons of the parasympathetic NS myelinated?

A

yes

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9
Q

Are the postganglionic axons of the parasympathetic NS myelinated?

A

no

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10
Q

What NT and receptor are found at ganglion?

A

nAChR

ACh

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11
Q

What NT and receptor are found at effector in parasympathetic ns?

A

ACh

M1-M5 mAChR

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12
Q

What NT and receptor are found at effector in sympathetic ns predominantly ?

A

noradrenaline

alpha and beta receptors predominantly

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13
Q

Where are cholinergic synapses found in effectors of sympathetic ns?

A

sweat glands

hair follicles

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14
Q

What do adrenoreceptors and muscarinic ACh receptors have in common ?

A

both GPCRs

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15
Q

Name 4 non adrenergic- non cholinergic transmitters

A

ATP
NO
Serotonin
neuropeptides

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16
Q

What is the postganglionic neuron in the adrenal medulla?

A

chromaffin cell

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17
Q

What receptors control heart in sympathetic ns, what is the effect?

A

beta 1

decrease HR

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18
Q

What receptors control heart in parasympathetic ns, what is the effect ?

A

M2

increase HR and contraction force

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19
Q

What are the smooth muscle effects in the parasympathetic ns?

A

lungs M3 - broncho constriction
GI increase motility
GU bladder contract/ sphincter relax
eye- ciliary muscle contract

20
Q

What are the smooth muscle effects in the sympathetic ns?

A

vaso constriction to divert blood- alpha1/ beta 2
somtimes vasodilation
beta 2 bronchiolar/ intestinal/uterine relaxation

21
Q

What are the glandular effects in the sympathetic ns?

A

increase salivary secretion

22
Q

What are the glandular effects in the parasympathetic ns?

A

increase sweat
saliva
lacrimal

23
Q

Which nerve send signals from chemoreceptors to secondary sensory neurons in medulla oblongata?

A

glossopharngeal nerve

24
Q

Where are secondary sensory neurons in ANS found?

A

medulla oblongata

25
Q

What integrates afferent information to modulate efferent ANS response?

A

nucleus tractus solitarius

26
Q

What is dysautonomia?

A

malfunction of ans

umbrella term

27
Q

Name the main step in nt release that are targeted therapeutically

A

acting on post synaptic receptors
inactivating nt release
reuptake/ degradation of nt
interaction with pre synaptic R

28
Q

How is ACh synthesised?

A

acetyl co A + choline to Ach and con enzyme A

choline acetyl transferase enzyme

29
Q

How is ACh degraded?

A

ACh to acetate and choline

acetylcholinesterase enzyme

30
Q

Name a nAChR ganglion blocking drug. Are they regularly used?

A

trimethaphan

no due to side effects

31
Q

Can you slecetivley target m1-m5 receptors?

A

no some show tissue selectivity

32
Q

Name a mAChR antagonist that used to treat overactive bladder syndrome

A

tolterodine

33
Q

What mAChR is used to treat glaucoma? Why is is okay and not have many side effects?

A

pilocarpine

delivered locally eye drops not systemically

34
Q

What are ipratropium and tiotropium used for?

A

antagonists of mAChR they stop broncho constriction

used to treat asthma and COPD

35
Q

What is used to treat myasthenia gravis? What is it mechanism of action?

A

pyridostigmine

AChE inhibitor so increase ACh levels

36
Q

What does the menomic SLUDGE stand for?

A 
symptoms indicative of parasympathetic overstimulation 
salivation 
lacrimation 
urination 
defecation 
GI upset 
Emesis
37
Q

What can cause SLUDGE syndrome? Why are the SLUDGE symptoms caused?

A 
nerve agents 
organophosphates 
magic mushrooms 
drug overdose 
overstimulation of parasympathetic ns 
some drugs covalently modify AChE
38
Q

What can be used to treat SLUDGE?

A

atropine a mAChR antagonist

pralidoxime which removes covalent modification of AChE

39
Q

What are variscosities?

A

specialised sites for Ca dependent noradrenaline release part of axonal network of postganglionic sympathetic neurons

40
Q

How is noradrenaline synthesised?

A

tyrosine
DOPA
dopamine
noradrenaline

41
Q

What enzyme catalyses the production of adrenaline from noradrenaline?

A

phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

42
Q

What are the mechanisms of noradrenaline reuptake ?

A
  1. Na dependent high affintiy transporter

2. low affinity non-neuronal mechanism

43
Q

What enzymes are involved in the metabolism of noradrenaline ?

A 
monoamine oxidase (MAO) 
Cactecho-o-methyl transferase (COMT)
44
Q

What does salbutamol do? what does it treat?

A

b2 receptor selective agonist

treat asthma induce broncho dilation

45
Q

What do doxazosin and atenolol do? What do they treat?

A

alpha 1 / beta 1 antagonist

trate hypertension

semester 1 (45 decks)

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