Principles of solute and water movement

Question 1

how much of tbw is ecf

Answer 1

1/3

Question 2

how much of tbw is icf

Answer 2

2/3

Question 3

How much of ecf is intersitial fluid

Answer 3

75%

Question 4

how much of ecf is plasma

Answer 4

25%

Question 5

What ions are high/low in ECF

Answer 5

High:
Na
Cl
Ca

Low:
K

Question 6

What ion are high/low in ICF

Answer 6

High:
K

Low:
Na
Cl
Ca

Question 7

What can cross lipid bilayer

Answer 7

hydrophobic/ small /uncharged/ molecules

Question 8

What cannot cross lipid bilayer

Answer 8

large/hydrophilic/charged molecules

Question 9

Define diffusion

Answer 9

passive movement of solute from high to low concentration

Question 10

What is faciliated diffusion

Answer 10

movement of a solute passively from high to low concentration through as protein channel

Question 11

What is active transport?

Answer 11

movement of solute from low to high concentration requires ATP

Question 12

How are large molecules moved?

Answer 12

endo/exocytosis need ATP

Question 13

Define osmosis

Answer 13

movement of water from a region of lower solute concentrations to a region of higher solute concentration across a semi permeable membrane

Question 14

What is an osmole?

Answer 14

measure of solutions ability to create osmotic pressure and therefore affect water movement

Question 15

What is osmolality ?

Answer 15

concentration of a solution expressed in osmoles/kg water

Question 16

What aquaporin is signalled by ADH?

Answer 16

2

Question 17

If the permeability co efficient is larger the substance is..

Answer 17

permeable

Question 18

if the permeability co efficient is lower the substance is..

Answer 18

impermeable

Question 19

What is passive transport dependent on?

Answer 19

permeability co efficient

concentration gradient

Question 20

How to proteins contribute to membrane permeability?

Answer 20

enhance rate of diffusion by increasing Km and Vmax

Question 21

Passive or active transport is dependent on

Answer 21

concentration ratio

membrane potential

Question 22

What is primary active transport?

Answer 22

ATP used directly

e.g. PMCA plasma membrane ca ATPase

Question 23

What is uniport?

Answer 23

1 ion/molecule one direction

Question 24

What is symport?

Answer 24

2 ion/molecules one direction

Question 25

What is antiport? give an example.

Answer 25

2 ions/molecules different directions

Na-K ATPase

Question 26

What ratio are Na/K moved by the ATPase pump?

Answer 26

2K in : 2 Na out

Question 27

What two transporters control Ca levels in the cell?

Answer 27

PMCA

Na-Ca exchanger

Question 28

Explain how the Na-glucose transport works

Answer 28

secondary active transporter
uses Na gradient set up by na-k pump
Na enters passively due to gradient glucose uses energy provided from this to enter against the gradient

Question 29

What causes cystic fibrosis?

Answer 29

mutation in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
Cl cannot move into lumen
water does not move to lumen to lubricate mucus
sticky mucus results

Question 30

How does cholera cause diarrhoea?

Answer 30

cholera toxin activated protein kinase A
CFTR phosphorylated
increase flux of Cl out into lumen
water attracted