Skin

Question 1

The skin is composed of two layers, what are they?

Answer 1

Epidermis

Dermis

Question 2

Describe the type of epithelium that makes up the epidermis.

Answer 2

Stratified squamous

except Basale

Question 3

What types of cells make up the epidermal layer? (4)

Answer 3

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

Question 4

What are the properties/functions of keratinocytes?

Answer 4

Contain keratin - hard - protective

Extrude lipids - waterproofing

Dividing - self regeneration

Question 5

What are the 5 “stratum” layers of the epidermis?

Answer 5

Stratum Corneum
" Lucidum
" Granulosum
" Spinosum 
" Basale

Question 6

What is the Stratum basale / Germinativum?

Answer 6

Single layer

Columnar cells

Bound to BM by hemidesmosomes

Interspaced with melanocytes + merkel cells

Question 7

What is the Stratum spinosum?

Answer 7

Preparation layer for keratinisation

Langerhan’s cells commonly found in this layer as well

Question 8

What is the Stratum granulosum?

Answer 8

Middle layer

Cells contain Keratohyalin which is a precursor to keratin

Cells have a granular appearance

Question 9

What process takes place in the lucidum to form cells in the corneum?

Answer 9

Keratohyalin converted to keratin

Question 10

What is different between cells in the lucidum layer and the corneum layer?

Answer 10

In lucidum: lucid, contain organelles, keratohyalin

In corneum: no organelles, keratin

Question 11

What causes the corneum layer to be ‘strong’? (3)

Answer 11

Keratin is hefty strong
Disulphide linkages between keratin molecules
Desmosomes

Question 12

What epidermal process is affected by psoriasis?

Answer 12

Keratinisation

Question 13

What 2 layers make up the Dermis?

Answer 13

Papillary

Reticular

Question 14

Describe the structure of the papillary layer. (5)

Answer 14

Loose CT

Cellular - eg macrophages

Papillaed interface with epidermis (irregular)

Blood vessels

Nerve endings

Question 15

Describe the structure of the reticular layer. (3)

Answer 15

Dense, irregular CT

Fibrous - collagen

Elastic fibres

Question 16

Where are arrector pili muscles and sebaceous glands found?

Answer 16

Hair follicles

Question 17

True or false

The Eponychium and Hyponychium are found on top and below the nail, respectively.

Answer 17

True

Eponychium is the edge, where the cuticle comes from.

Hyponychium is under the free edge of the nail

Question 18

What are apocrine glands and eccrine glands producers of?

Answer 18

Sweat

Question 19

What is the difference between apocrine and eccrine glands?

Answer 19

Apocrine secrete into hair follicles (indirectly onto skin)

Eccrine secrete directly onto skin

Question 20

Where would you find Meissner’s corpuscles and why?

Answer 20

Fingertips

Light touch

Question 21

What are Paccinian corpuscles used to sense?

Answer 21

Vibration

Pressure

Question 22

Other than touch, what can be sensed by the skin?

Answer 22

Pain

Temperature

Question 23

Which out of the following structures is not found in the dermis?

Sebaceous glands, eccrine glands, Nerves, melanocytes, capillaries

Answer 23

Melanocytes

found in St basale