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Science for shegs > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Highlight the functions of bone.

A

Support
Protection
Mineral storage
Blood formation

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2
Q

What part of the bone structure is responsible for blood formation?

A

Red bone marrow

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3
Q

Which bone type is referred to as ‘spongy’?

A

Trabecular bone

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4
Q

What are the two types of membrane associated with bone anatomy?

A

Periosteum

Endosteum

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5
Q

What is an Osteocyte?

A

A bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has secreted

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6
Q

Where is the Periosteum found?

A

Covering the bone

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7
Q

Where is the Endosteum found?

A

Covering internal surfaces

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8
Q

Describe the structure of Osteons.

A

Circular structures made of concentric rings of bone matrix

Central Haversian canal contains blood vessel

Osteocytes connected by web of Canaliculi

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9
Q

True or False, both Trabecular and compact bone contain osteons.

A

False

Only compact bone contains Haversian systems

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10
Q

Describe the basic structure of trabecular bone.

A

Network of lamellated trabeculae

Gaps in-between trabeculae filled with bone marrow

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11
Q

What are the two types of bone formation?

A

Endochondral

Intramembranous

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12
Q

Which bone development type is used for growth of long bones?

A

Endochondral

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13
Q

Ossification = bone growth

Yay or nay?

A

Yay

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14
Q

The cartilage model refers to which type of bone growth?

A

Endochondral

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15
Q

True/False, in Endochondral ossification, the growing bone begins as cartilage.

A

True

Cartilage is replaced with bone in ossification centres

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16
Q

Describe the function of the Epiphyseal growth plate.

A

Allows more bone growth when needed

Aka growth plate

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17
Q

What are the main stages of Intramembranous ossification?

A

Mesenchymal stem cells develop into osteoprogenitor cells

Osteoprogenitor cells mature to osteoblasts

Residual Mesenchymal cells develop into blood vessels + bone marrow

18
Q

True/false,

Only intramembranous ossification takes place in adult cortical bone.

A

False

Endochondral + intramembranous ossification can both take place in adult cortical bone

19
Q

What is the pure fancy name for new bone matrix?

A

Osteoid

unmineralised matrix

20
Q

What (main) 3 cells are in bone?

A

Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

21
Q

What do Osteoclasts do?

A

Resorption - removal of bone tissue

22
Q

What makes up the ECM of bones?

A

Hydroxyapatite crystals
Collagen (1)
Water

23
Q

Why are minerals important for bones?

A

Stiffness

Compressional strength

24
Q

Why is collagen needed in bones?

A

Tensile strength

Flexibility

25
Q

Where are osteoblasts made?

A

Membranes

Periosteum + endosteum

26
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

Immature bone cells

Mesenchymal stem cells ==> Osteopregenitor ==> Osteoblasts

27
Q

How are osteocytes made?

A

Osteoblasts bury themselves in secreted bone matrix

28
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Mature bone cells found inside lacunae

29
Q

What is the purpose of Canaliculi?

A

Connect lacunae to each other

Communication network for osteocytes

30
Q

What are osteoclasts derived from?

A

Monocytes / Macrophages

31
Q

Where are osteoclasts found?

A

On the bone surface

32
Q

What is the ‘ruffled border’ of an osteoclast?

A

The area in contact with the bone surface

Site of resorption

33
Q

What is a Howship’s lacunae?

A

The resorption pit under an osteoclast

34
Q

True/False,

in the context of bones, lacunae generally refers to pits?

A

True

Osteocytes live in lacunae

Osteoclasts create Howship’s Lacunae

35
Q

Where are collagen fibres found in the bone?

A

ECM

36
Q

Describe the arrangement of the ECM.

A

Collagen fibres cross linked with large gaps

Gaps provide space for water and hydroxyapatite crystals

37
Q

Osteoporosis arrises due to…

A

Resorption > Formation

38
Q

Yay or Nay

Paget’s disorder arrises due to an imbalance in resorption/formation

A

Nay

Both happen too fast
Incorrect shape

39
Q

Someone who is osteopetrotic has…

A

Massive bone XD

40
Q

When a bone fractures, what cells are responsible for the healing process, and where do these cells arise from?

A

Osteoblasts

Arise from periosteum

41
Q

What are the types of bone structures?

Give an example of each type

A 
Long - limbs 
Short - tarsals, carpals 
Flat - skull
Pneumatic - skull
Sesamoid - patella 
Irregular - vertebrae

Science for shegs (28 decks)

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