Joints

Question 1

What are the 3 types of joint?

Answer 1

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 2

What is a joint?

Answer 2

Union between two or more rigid components

Question 3

What are the 3 types of joint?

Answer 3

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 4

What is a fibrous joint?

Answer 4

Dense fibrous connective tissue
made of collagen

Holds 2 bones to each other

Question 5

Give an example of a fibrous joint?

Answer 5

Cranial suture
Periodontal ligament
Interosseus membrane

Question 6

What is a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 6

Layers of cartilage

Question 7

There are two types of Cartilaginous joints, which is used in endochondral bone growth?

Answer 7

Synchondroses

primary

Question 8

True or false

Synchondroses joints allow flex to aid bone growth?

Answer 8

False

They do not allow movement

Question 9

What is the other name for secondary cartilaginous?

Answer 9

Symphyses

Question 10

Where are symphyses joints found?

Answer 10

Intervertebral discs

Pubic symphysis

Question 11

True or false

Synchondroses joints ossify with age whereas symphyses do not.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What feature of symphyses makes it suitable to have in the vertebral column?

Answer 12

They can flex and allow some movement

Question 13

What is the intervertebral disc made from?

Answer 13

Fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage

Question 14

What are synovial joints used for?

Answer 14

Movement

Question 15

Describe the key structure of synovial joints.

Answer 15

• Fibrous capsule encloses synovial cavity
• Articular cartilage on bone
• Synovial membrane on inside of capsule

Question 16

What 3 other structures may be in synovial joints?

Answer 16

Articular discs
Ligaments
Bursae

Question 17

What 3 factors determine joint stability?

Answer 17

Shape of articulating surfaces

Fibrous capsule and ligaments

Muscles

Question 18

Describe the structure + function of anastomoses.

Answer 18

Blood vessels branch out then reconnect

Avoids blood supply being cut off

Question 19

What is Hilton’s law?

Answer 19

Nerve supplying a muscle that crosses a joint, also innervates that joint

Question 20

List the 3 typical joint pathologies.

Answer 20

Trauma
Arthritis
Craniosynostosis

Question 21

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 21

Breakdown of articular cartilage and underlying bone around joint

Affected bones take up a ragged appearance

Question 22

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 22

Autoimmune

Swelling around joints, warmness, stiffness

Question 23

Briefly describe craniosynostosis.

Answer 23

Cranial sutures ossificate prematurely

Skull grows abnormally