Skeletal System: Rib Cage, Vertebrae, Upper Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
How many cervical vertebrae
7
How many thoracic vertebrae
12
How many lumbar vertebrae
5
How many sacral vertebrae
5
How many coccygeal vertebrae
3-5
A
Spinous process
B
Transverse process
C
Vertebral foramen
D
Lamina
E
Pedicle
F
Vertebral arch
G
Superior articular process
H
Inferior articular process
I
Body of vertebrae
A
Vertebral foramen
B
Intervertebral foramen
What is located inside of the vertebral foramen
spinal cord
Where do spinous processes point
dorsally and inferiorly
what does articular refer to
forming a joint
what is a joint
a site where two bones meetw
what passes through the intervertebral foramina
spinal nerves
Where are transverse foramina found
only in the 7 cervical vertebrae
What arteries pass through the transverse foramina
vertebral artery and vein
What characteristic can cervical vertebrae have on their spinous process
it can be a bifurcate (forked) spinous process
What is cervical vertebra 1
Atlas
What is cervical vertebra 2
Axis
What type of movement does the skull-atlas joint allow?
nod yes movement
What skull bone and bone markings does the atlas articulate with superiorly
occipital bone and occipital condyles
What unique process does the axis vertebra have
dens or odontoid process (means tooth)
what type of movement does the atlas-axis joint allow for
shake head no movement
With which bone markings of the axis does the atlas articulate
Dens or odontoid process
A
Atlas or C1 vertebra
B
Dens or odontoid process of the axis
C
Axis or C2 vertebra
Name the type of vertebra and why you know
Cervical vertebra because of the transverse foramina and the bifurcated spinous process (some have this not all)
What vertebrae have a very spiny spinous process and look like a giraffe’s head
thoracic vertebrae
what is the nose of the giraffe of thoracic vertebrae
spinous process
what are the ears of the giraffe of thoracic vertebrae
transverse process
what are the horns of the giraffe of thoracic vertebrae
superior articular process
A
Inferior articular process
B
Inferior costal facet
C
superior costal facet
D
Body
E
Intervertebral disc
F
pedicle
G
articular facet for tubercle of rib
H
superior articular process
I
Transverse process
J
lamina
K
spinous process
What does the intervertebral foramen serve as an exit for
spinal nerves like the sciatic nerve
What type of vertebrae are the 12 pairs of ribs articulating with
thoracic
what is the nose of the moose looking lumbar vertebrae
spinous process
what are the ears of the moose looking lumbar vertebrae
transverse process
what are the antlers of the moose looking lumbar vertebrae
superior articular process
why are lumbar vertebrae bigger than other vertebrae
they are weight baring
What type of vertebrae
thoracic
what type of vertebrae
thoracic
what type of vertebrae
lumbar
what type of vertebrae
lumbar
what is the function of the sacral foramina
passage of spinal nerves
what is this
sacrum
what is the scientific name for tail bone
coccyx
how many vertebrae are found in the coccygeal region of the vertebral column
3-5 fused
How many vertebrae found in the sacral region of the vertebral column
5 fused
what is the region inferior to the sacrum
coccyx
A
Jugular notch
B
clavicular notch
C
manubrium of sternum
D
manubriosternal joint
E
body of sternum
F
costal notches
G
xiphisternal joint
H
xiphoid process
what are true rib bones (vertebrosternal)
ribs that have their own cartilage extending to the sternum
what is costal cartilage made of
hyaline cartilage
what are vertebrosternal ribs
true ribs
what are false rib bones (vertebrochondral)
ribs that do not connect to the sternum without attaching to rib 7s cartilage; do not have their own seperate cartilage that attaches to sternum
what is another name for vertebrochondral ribs
false ribs
which ribs are floating ribs? why are they called floating ribs (vertebral ribs)?
11 and 12. they do not connect to sternum at all, only vertebrae
which ribs are true ribs
1-7
which ribs are false ribs
8-10
A
costal groove
B
anterior or sternal end
C
articular facets
D
costal cartilage
E
tubercle
F
Head
what end of the rib has the head and articular facets
vertebral or posterior end
which bone markings of the rib articulate with which bone markings of the thoracic vertebrae
the bone markings on rib are the articular facets that articulate with the superior and inferior costal facets on vertebrae
what is the pectoral girdle comprised of
2 clavicals and 2 scapula
which end of the clavical is A
Acromial
which end of the clavical is B
sternal
what is this bone and is it right or left
right clavical
which direction does the acromial end of the clavical point
laterally
which direction does the sternal end of the clavical point
medially
which direction does the spine on the scapula face
dorsally
what does the acromion articulate with
the clavical
the spine of the scapula leads to where
the acromion
what bone marking looks like a raven’s beak
coracoid process
what is a marking on the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus
glenoid cavity/fossa
which direction does the glenoid cavity face
laterally
translate supraspinous fossa (scapula)
depression above the spine
translate infraspinous fossa (scapula)
depression below the spine
translate subscapular fossa (scapula)
depression under scapula
translate vertebral or medial border
border that faces medially
A
superior border
B
spine
C
supraspinous fossa
D
infraspinous fossa
E
medial or vertebral border
F
lateral border
G
acromion
A
Medial border
B
superior border
C
coracoid process
D
glenoid cavity
E
lateral border
F
subscapular fossa
where does the head of the humerus bone sit proximal or distal
proximal
what does capitulum mean
little head
what does trochlea mean
pulley
A
Greater tubercle
B
lesser tubercle
C
intertubercular groove (sulcus)
D
deltoid tuberosity
E
medial epicondyle
F
coronoid fossa
G
trochlea
H
capitulum
I
lateral epicondyle
J
olecranon fossa
K
medial epicondyle
L
head
A
Head of ulna
B
styloid process
C
olecranon process
D
trochlear notch
E
coronoid process
F
radial notch
G
distal part of bone
H
proximal part of bone
what articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus to form the elbow
trochlear notch
what is the articulation point between the ulna and head of the radius
radial notch on the ulna
A
Proximal
B
distal
C
ulnar notch
D
styloid process
E
neck of radius
F
head
G
radial tuberosity
which ulnar bone markings articulate with the ulnar notch on the radius
head of ulna
where does the radius sit
on the thumb side; laterally
where does the ulna sit
medially
what are the long bones of hands
Proximal phalanges
what are the specific 3 parts of the phalanges called
proximal, middle, distal
do all phalanges have 3 parts
no the thumb does not have 3 parts, only proximal and distal parts
is the thumb phalanx number 1 or 5
1
what is another name for the thumb
pollex
does the thumb or pinky point laterally
thumb
what is the long bone called in your middle finger that articulates with metacarpal 3
proximal phalanx
A
Distal phalanges
B
middle phalanges
C
proximal phalanges
D
metacarpal bones
E
trapezium
F
scaphoid
G
radius
H
ulna
I
radius
J
ulna
K
scaphoid
L
trapezium
what is kyphosis
exaggerated thoracic curvature
what is lordosis
exaggerated lumbar curvature
what is scoliosis
exaggerated lateral curvature
why does our spine curve
to make room for abdominal organs
what are the functions of the axis
prevent torque to the spinal cord
sructural stability to C1
prevents 360 degree rotation; prevents tearing of artery and vein
structure of the intervertebral disc
made of fibrocartilage
in the middle is where the nucleus pulposus is
the outer part of disc is annulus fibrosus
where does water leak from in intervertebral discs over time
annulus fibrosus
what is the effect of water loss from intervertebral discs
loss of stability
compressed
shorter stature to skeleton
A
supraspinous ligament
B
transverse process
C
spinous process (sectioned)
D
ligamentum flavum
E
interspinous ligament
F
inferior articular process
G
intervertebral disc
H
anterior longitudinal ligament
I
intervertebral foramen
J
posterior longitudinal ligament
K
annulus fibrosus
L
nucleus pulposus
M
body of vertebra (sectioned)
is the fibula weight baring
no
is the ulna weight baring
no
what is the scapula held by
muscles only
what is the acronym to remember the carpal bones
Straight Line To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb
what are all the carpal bones
proximal row: from lateral to medial-
scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform
distal row: from medial to lateral
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
A
Hamate
B
pisiform
C
triquetral
D
lunate
E
ulna
F
trapezoid
G
trapezium
H
scaphoid
I
capitate
J
radius
A
navicular
B
talus
C
cuboid
D
calcaneus
