Lab: blood Flashcards
how many liters on average does a person have?
5L
what percentage of plasma is water
90%
what percentage of plasma is proteins and what are they?
9%
albumin
fibrinogen
transport proteins
clotting proteins
immune proteins (antibodies)
what is contained in 1% of blood plasma
glucose, amino acids
ions
gasses
wastes
what are the formed elements in blood
erythroytes
what is the buffy coat in a blood sample made of
platelets
leukocytes
describe the shape of an erythrocyte
biconcave shape
which type of cell has no nucleus or organelles
erythrocytes
what do erythrocytes do
carry O2 and CO2, contain millions of hemoglobin molecules
which leukocytes are granulocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
describe what neutrophils do
phagocytes that ingest and destroy bacterial cells using granule contents
what percentage of leukocytes are neutrophils
60%
describe the function of eosinophils
respond to infections with parasitic worms
mediates allergic response
what percentage of leukocytes are eosinophils
3%
describe the function of basophils
chemicals in granules mediate inflammation
what percentage of leukocytes are basophils
less than 1%
what are the agranulocytes
lymphocytes and monocytes
name the 2 types of lymphocytes and what they do
both are activated by antigens
B lymphocytes: produce antibodies which bind to and remove antigens from tissues
T lymphocytes: activate other immune system components and directly destroy abnormal body cells
what percentage of leukocytes are lymphocytes
30-34%
describe the function of monocytes/macrophages
exit capillaries to enter tissues where some mature into macrophages
macrophages are phagocytic cells that ingest dead and dying cells, bacteria, antigens, etc.
what percentage of leukocytes are monocytes/macrophages
4-8%
what is the final common pathway of hemostasis
prothrombin–>thrombin–>fibrinogen–>fibrin (in actuality plasminogen–>plasmin desolving the fibrin clot is the last step, but whatever ignore this)
what antigen is present in Type A blood
only A antigen is present on erythrocytes
what antigen is present in Type B blood
only B antigen is present on erythrocytes
what antigen is present in Type AP blood
both A and B antigens are present on erythrocytes
what antigen is present in Type O blood
neither A or B antigens are present on erythrocytes
what antibodies are present in Type A blood
only anti-B antibodies are present in plasma
what antibodies are present in Type B blood
only anti-A antibodies are present in plasma
what antibodies are present in Type AB blood
No antibodies are present in plasma
what antibodies are present in Type O blood
both anti- A and anti-B antibodies are present in plasma
Rh+ and Rh- means..
Rh antigen or not on erythrocytes
leading there to be 8 different common blood types
what is the universal donor and why
O- (Type O without Rh antigen)
because erythrocytes do not have A, B, nor Rh surface antigens
what is the universal recipient and why
AB+ (Type AB with Rh antigen)
because these individuals do not make antibodies to A, B, or Rh antigens
where do platelets come from
megakaryocytes
what are megakaryocytes
cells keep going through mitosis but not cytokinesis (giant cells with a bunch of DNA)
name the leukocytes in order of most abundant to least abundant in the blood
neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
(Never Let Molly Eat Bagels)
what is hematocrit and what does it show pathologically
measures the percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood
shows anemia (too little RBCs for blood volume)
or polycythemia (too many RBCs for blood volume)
what is the equation that determines hematocrit
hematocrit= (length of erythrocytes/length of whole blood) * 100
A
B
C
A
B
