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A & P > Lab: blood > Flashcards

Lab: blood Flashcards

1
Q

how many liters on average does a person have?

A

5L

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2
Q

what percentage of plasma is water

A

90%

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3
Q

what percentage of plasma is proteins and what are they?

A

9%
albumin
fibrinogen
transport proteins
clotting proteins
immune proteins (antibodies)

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4
Q

what is contained in 1% of blood plasma

A

glucose, amino acids
ions
gasses
wastes

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5
Q

what are the formed elements in blood

A

erythroytes

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6
Q

what is the buffy coat in a blood sample made of

A

platelets
leukocytes

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7
Q

describe the shape of an erythrocyte

A

biconcave shape

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8
Q

which type of cell has no nucleus or organelles

A

erythrocytes

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9
Q

what do erythrocytes do

A

carry O2 and CO2, contain millions of hemoglobin molecules

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10
Q

which leukocytes are granulocytes

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

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11
Q

describe what neutrophils do

A

phagocytes that ingest and destroy bacterial cells using granule contents

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12
Q

what percentage of leukocytes are neutrophils

A

60%

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13
Q

describe the function of eosinophils

A

respond to infections with parasitic worms
mediates allergic response

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14
Q

what percentage of leukocytes are eosinophils

A

3%

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15
Q

describe the function of basophils

A

chemicals in granules mediate inflammation

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16
Q

what percentage of leukocytes are basophils

A

less than 1%

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17
Q

what are the agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

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18
Q

name the 2 types of lymphocytes and what they do

A

both are activated by antigens
B lymphocytes: produce antibodies which bind to and remove antigens from tissues
T lymphocytes: activate other immune system components and directly destroy abnormal body cells

19
Q

what percentage of leukocytes are lymphocytes

A

30-34%

20
Q

describe the function of monocytes/macrophages

A

exit capillaries to enter tissues where some mature into macrophages
macrophages are phagocytic cells that ingest dead and dying cells, bacteria, antigens, etc.

21
Q

what percentage of leukocytes are monocytes/macrophages

A

4-8%

22
Q

what is the final common pathway of hemostasis

A

prothrombin–>thrombin–>fibrinogen–>fibrin (in actuality plasminogen–>plasmin desolving the fibrin clot is the last step, but whatever ignore this)

23
Q

what antigen is present in Type A blood

A

only A antigen is present on erythrocytes

24
Q

what antigen is present in Type B blood

A

only B antigen is present on erythrocytes

25
Q

what antigen is present in Type AP blood

A

both A and B antigens are present on erythrocytes

26
Q

what antigen is present in Type O blood

A

neither A or B antigens are present on erythrocytes

27
Q

what antibodies are present in Type A blood

A

only anti-B antibodies are present in plasma

28
Q

what antibodies are present in Type B blood

A

only anti-A antibodies are present in plasma

29
Q

what antibodies are present in Type AB blood

A

No antibodies are present in plasma

30
Q

what antibodies are present in Type O blood

A

both anti- A and anti-B antibodies are present in plasma

31
Q

Rh+ and Rh- means..

A

Rh antigen or not on erythrocytes
leading there to be 8 different common blood types

32
Q

what is the universal donor and why

A

O- (Type O without Rh antigen)
because erythrocytes do not have A, B, nor Rh surface antigens

33
Q

what is the universal recipient and why

A

AB+ (Type AB with Rh antigen)
because these individuals do not make antibodies to A, B, or Rh antigens

34
Q

where do platelets come from

A

megakaryocytes

35
Q

what are megakaryocytes

A

cells keep going through mitosis but not cytokinesis (giant cells with a bunch of DNA)

36
Q

name the leukocytes in order of most abundant to least abundant in the blood

A

neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
(Never Let Molly Eat Bagels)

37
Q

what is hematocrit and what does it show pathologically

A

measures the percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood
shows anemia (too little RBCs for blood volume)
or polycythemia (too many RBCs for blood volume)

38
Q

what is the equation that determines hematocrit

A

hematocrit= (length of erythrocytes/length of whole blood) * 100

39
Q

A

A
40
Q

B

A
41
Q

C

A
42
Q

A

A
43
Q

B

A

A & P (23 decks)

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