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A & P > Joints and muscle movements > Flashcards

Joints and muscle movements Flashcards

1
Q

A

A

articular capsule; made up of both synovial and fibrous membranes

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2
Q

B

A

synovial membrane (inner)

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3
Q

C

A

fibrous membrane (outer)

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4
Q

D

A

synovial joint cavity containing synovial fluid

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5
Q

E

A

bone

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6
Q

F

A

articular cartilage made of hyaline

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7
Q

what is a freely moveable joint

A

synovial joint

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8
Q

what is the articular capsule made of in a synovial joint

A

synovial membrane and fibrous membrane

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9
Q

what is the synovial membrane made of in a synovial joint

A

areolar CT that is very vascularized. Allows for nutrients to diffuse to other tissues and areas in the body

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10
Q

what is the fibrous membrane composed of in a synovial joint

A

dense irregular CT. Resists pull in multiple directions

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11
Q

what is synovial fluid and where is it found

A

fills the joint cavity inside of the articular capsule. Acts as lubricant to allow bones to slide over one another without friction

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12
Q

what are ligaments made of and what do they do for joints

A

dense regular CT; resists pulling forces. They reinforce the joint by connecting bone to bone

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13
Q

what are bursae

A

pouches of synovial fluid that help to reduce friction outside of the joint cavity where bones, ligaments, and muscle rub together

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14
Q

what are the types of synovial joints (6)

A

plane/gliding, pivot, hinge, saddle, ball and socket, condyloid

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15
Q

uni, bi, or multiaxial–> plane/gliding joint

A

non-axial

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16
Q

uni, bi, or multiaxial–> pivot joint

A

uni-axial

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17
Q

uni, bi, or multiaxial–> hinge joint

A

uni-axial

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18
Q

uni, bi, or multiaxial–> saddle joint

A

bi-axial

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19
Q

uni, bi, or multiaxial–> ball and socket joint

A

multi-axial

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20
Q

uni, bi, or multiaxial–> condyloid joint

A

bi-axial

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21
Q

where are plane/gliding joints found

A

Clavicle to sternal

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22
Q

where are pivot joints found

A

between C1 and C2 vertebrae

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23
Q

where are hinge joints found

A

elbow

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24
Q

where are saddle joints found

A

between trapezium carpal bone and 1st metacarpal bone

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25
where are ball and socket joints found
hip joint
26
where are condyloid joints found
between radius and carpal bones
27
what is meant by joint axis movement
rotation around an axis
28
A
plane/gliding joint
29
B
hinge joint
30
C
pivot joint
31
D
condyloid joint
32
E
saddle joint
33
F
ball and socket joint
34
which muscle action: move out of anatomical position ventrally/dorsally to create a smaller angle with a joint being orgin of angle. (shoulders, hips, knees)
flexion
35
which muscle action: opposite of flexion; moving back to anatomical position, increasing angle towards 180 degrees
extension
36
which muscle action: movement past anatomical position creating a greater than 180 degree angle
hyperextension
37
which muscle action: movement away from anatomical position laterally, increasing degree of angle
adduction (add)
38
which muscle action: back to anatomical position laterally; opposite to adduction; decreasing angle
abduction
39
which muscle action: described as being able to draw the circumference of a circle
circumduction
40
which muscle action: bone rotates around another bone
rotation
41
which muscle action: rotation of radius around (over) ulna; palms face posteriorly in anatomical position
pronation
42
which muscle action: radius and ulna parallel; palms face anteriorly in anatomical postition
supination hint: holding a bowl of soup
43
which muscle action: toes flexed upward or towards the sky
dorsiflexion
44
which muscle action: pointed toes downward
plantar flexion
45
which muscle action: walking on outside edge of foot; most laterally edge of foot
inversion
46
which muscle action: walking on inside edge of foot; medial edge of foot
eversion
47
which muscle action: dorsal movement of the mandible
retraction
48
which muscle action: ventral movement of the mandible
protraction
49
which muscle action: mandible moving up/superiorly; closes mouth
elevation
50
which muscle action: mandible moving down/inferiorly; opens mouth
depression
51
which muscle action: thumb movement that allows touching of the tips of other fingers
opposition
52
A
Femur
53
B
Articular cartilage
54
C
meniscus
55
D
fibular/lateral collateral ligament
56
E
fibula
57
F
tibia
58
G
quadriceps tendon
59
H
patella
60
I
tibial/medial collateral ligament
61
J
posterior cruciate ligament
62
K
anterior cruciate ligament
63
L
patellar tendon (ligament)
64
A
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
65
B
lateral meniscus
66
C
fibula
67
D
posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
68
E
patellar ligament
69
F
patella
70
G
quadriceps tendon
71
H
femur
72
I
medial meniscus
73
J
tibia
74
1 anterior
quadriceps
75
2 anterior
femur
76
3 anterior
tibial/medial collateral ligament
77
4 anterior
meniscus
78
5 anterior
posterior cruciate ligament
79
6 anterior
articular cartilage
80
7 anterior
fibular/lateral collateral ligament
81
8 anterior
anterior cruciate ligament
82
9 anterior
patella
83
10 anterior
tibia
84
11 anterior
fibula
85
1 lateral
femur
86
2 lateral
patella
87
3 lateral
tibia
88
4 lateral
fibula
89
5 lateral
articular cartilage
90
6 lateral
anterior cruciate ligament
91
7 lateral
patellar tendon (ligament)
92
8 lateral
meniscus
93
9 lateral
quadriceps muscles
94
10 lateral
posterior cruciate ligament
95
11 lateral
fibular/lateral collateral ligament
96
12 lateral
quadriceps tendon
97
A
femur
98
B
posterior cruciate ligament
99
C
anterior cruciate ligament
100
D
tibia
101
E
quadriceps tendon
102
F
suprapatellar bursa
103
G
patella
104
H
prepatellar bursa
105
I
synovial cavity
106
J
infrapatellar bursa
107
K
patellar ligament
108
What are the classes of joints
synarthroses amphiarthroses diarthroses
109
what are synarthrotic/fibrous joints
non movable most fibrous joints innelastic connective tissue lack of joint cavity i.e. cranial sutures, gomphoses (articulation of tooth in alveolus), syndesmoses (ligaments holding joint together)
110
what are amphiarthrotic joints
semi movable mostly cartilaginous i.e. intervertebral discs
111
what are diarthrotic joints
freely moveable joints synovial joints
112
what are cartilaginous joints
formed by cartilage and usually semimoveable
113
what are synchondroses
joints mostly unmoveable-synarthrotic hyaline cartilage i.e. costal cartilage and epiphyseal plate
114
what are symphyses
joints shock absorber and limited movement-amphiarthrotic
115
what are synovial joints
moveable diarthroses most joints of the body
116
what state are tendons when muscle is relaxed
tendons are tight
117
what state are tendons when the muscle is active
tendons are not tight
118
what is a tendon sheath
elongated bursa that wraps around tendon
119
what is Osgood Schalatter's
disease that mainly affects boys that excercize too much pull on patellar tendon on tibial tuberosity build extra bone that tears patellar tendon
120
A
synovial cavity
121
B
acetabulum
122
C
ligamentum teres
123
D
articular capsule
124
A
iliofemoral ligament
125
B
pubofemoral ligament
126
C
ischiofemoral ligament
127
what is arthritis
inflammation of the joints
128
what is osteoarthritis
deterioration of the articular cartilage (by age, stress, inury) which then leads to the formation of calcifications or bone spurs little actual inflammation occurs
129
what is rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune disease severe inflammation pain fibrous tissue stiffness and may ossify to immobilize joint
130
what is gouty arthritis
genetic disorder in the ability to metabolize uric acid uric acid crystals build up in the soft joint tissues and causes their inflammation and destruction usually men
131
what is a sprain
twisting of the joint with stretching or tearing of ligaments
132
what is a strain
a pulling of a muscle tendon and other connective tissues in muscles, but not the joint tissues
133
what is luxation/dislocation
a bone pulls away from its position in the socket of the joint
134
what is subluxation
partial dislocation
135
what is separation
when the fibrous tissue in syndesmosis stretches or tears

A & P (23 decks)

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