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A & P > Joints and muscle movements > Flashcards

Joints and muscle movements Flashcards

1
Q

A

A

articular capsule; made up of both synovial and fibrous membranes

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2
Q

B

A

synovial membrane (inner)

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3
Q

C

A

fibrous membrane (outer)

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4
Q

D

A

synovial joint cavity containing synovial fluid

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5
Q

E

A

bone

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6
Q

F

A

articular cartilage made of hyaline

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7
Q

what is a freely moveable joint

A

synovial joint

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8
Q

what is the articular capsule made of in a synovial joint

A

synovial membrane and fibrous membrane

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9
Q

what is the synovial membrane made of in a synovial joint

A

areolar CT that is very vascularized. Allows for nutrients to diffuse to other tissues and areas in the body

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10
Q

what is the fibrous membrane composed of in a synovial joint

A

dense irregular CT. Resists pull in multiple directions

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11
Q

what is synovial fluid and where is it found

A

fills the joint cavity inside of the articular capsule. Acts as lubricant to allow bones to slide over one another without friction

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12
Q

what are ligaments made of and what do they do for joints

A

dense regular CT; resists pulling forces. They reinforce the joint by connecting bone to bone

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13
Q

what are bursae

A

pouches of synovial fluid that help to reduce friction outside of the joint cavity where bones, ligaments, and muscle rub together

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14
Q

what are the types of synovial joints (6)

A

plane/gliding, pivot, hinge, saddle, ball and socket, condyloid

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15
Q

uni, bi, or multiaxial–> plane/gliding joint

A

non-axial

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16
Q

uni, bi, or multiaxial–> pivot joint

A

uni-axial

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17
Q

uni, bi, or multiaxial–> hinge joint

A

uni-axial

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18
Q

uni, bi, or multiaxial–> saddle joint

A

bi-axial

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19
Q

uni, bi, or multiaxial–> ball and socket joint

A

multi-axial

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20
Q

uni, bi, or multiaxial–> condyloid joint

A

bi-axial

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21
Q

where are plane/gliding joints found

A

Clavicle to sternal

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22
Q

where are pivot joints found

A

between C1 and C2 vertebrae

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23
Q

where are hinge joints found

A

elbow

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24
Q

where are saddle joints found

A

between trapezium carpal bone and 1st metacarpal bone

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25
Q

where are ball and socket joints found

A

hip joint

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26
Q

where are condyloid joints found

A

between radius and carpal bones

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27
Q

what is meant by joint axis movement

A

rotation around an axis

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28
Q

A

A

plane/gliding joint

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29
Q

B

A

hinge joint

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30
Q

C

A

pivot joint

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31
Q

D

A

condyloid joint

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32
Q

E

A

saddle joint

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33
Q

F

A

ball and socket joint

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34
Q

which muscle action: move out of anatomical position ventrally/dorsally to create a smaller angle with a joint being orgin of angle. (shoulders, hips, knees)

A

flexion

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35
Q

which muscle action: opposite of flexion; moving back to anatomical position, increasing angle towards 180 degrees

A

extension

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36
Q

which muscle action: movement past anatomical position creating a greater than 180 degree angle

A

hyperextension

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37
Q

which muscle action: movement away from anatomical position laterally, increasing degree of angle

A

adduction (add)

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38
Q

which muscle action: back to anatomical position laterally; opposite to adduction; decreasing angle

A

abduction

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39
Q

which muscle action: described as being able to draw the circumference of a circle

A

circumduction

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40
Q

which muscle action: bone rotates around another bone

A

rotation

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41
Q

which muscle action: rotation of radius around (over) ulna; palms face posteriorly in anatomical position

A

pronation

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42
Q

which muscle action: radius and ulna parallel; palms face anteriorly in anatomical postition

A

supination
hint: holding a bowl of soup

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43
Q

which muscle action: toes flexed upward or towards the sky

A

dorsiflexion

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44
Q

which muscle action: pointed toes downward

A

plantar flexion

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45
Q

which muscle action: walking on outside edge of foot; most laterally edge of foot

A

inversion

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46
Q

which muscle action: walking on inside edge of foot; medial edge of foot

A

eversion

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47
Q

which muscle action: dorsal movement of the mandible

A

retraction

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48
Q

which muscle action: ventral movement of the mandible

A

protraction

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49
Q

which muscle action: mandible moving up/superiorly; closes mouth

A

elevation

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50
Q

which muscle action: mandible moving down/inferiorly; opens mouth

A

depression

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51
Q

which muscle action: thumb movement that allows touching of the tips of other fingers

A

opposition

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52
Q

A

A

Femur

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53
Q

B

A

Articular cartilage

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54
Q

C

A

meniscus

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55
Q

D

A

fibular/lateral collateral ligament

56
Q

E

A

fibula

57
Q

F

A

tibia

58
Q

G

A

quadriceps tendon

59
Q

H

A

patella

60
Q

I

A

tibial/medial collateral ligament

61
Q

J

A

posterior cruciate ligament

62
Q

K

A

anterior cruciate ligament

63
Q

L

A

patellar tendon (ligament)

64
Q

A

A

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

65
Q

B

A

lateral meniscus

66
Q

C

A

fibula

67
Q

D

A

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

68
Q

E

A

patellar ligament

69
Q

F

A

patella

70
Q

G

A

quadriceps tendon

71
Q

H

A

femur

72
Q

I

A

medial meniscus

73
Q

J

A

tibia

74
Q

1 anterior

A

quadriceps

75
Q

2 anterior

A

femur

76
Q

3 anterior

A

tibial/medial collateral ligament

77
Q

4 anterior

A

meniscus

78
Q

5 anterior

A

posterior cruciate ligament

79
Q

6 anterior

A

articular cartilage

80
Q

7 anterior

A

fibular/lateral collateral ligament

81
Q

8 anterior

A

anterior cruciate ligament

82
Q

9 anterior

A

patella

83
Q

10 anterior

A

tibia

84
Q

11 anterior

A

fibula

85
Q

1 lateral

A

femur

86
Q

2 lateral

A

patella

87
Q

3 lateral

A

tibia

88
Q

4 lateral

A

fibula

89
Q

5 lateral

A

articular cartilage

90
Q

6 lateral

A

anterior cruciate ligament

91
Q

7 lateral

A

patellar tendon (ligament)

92
Q

8 lateral

A

meniscus

93
Q

9 lateral

A

quadriceps muscles

94
Q

10 lateral

A

posterior cruciate ligament

95
Q

11 lateral

A

fibular/lateral collateral ligament

96
Q

12 lateral

A

quadriceps tendon

97
Q

A

A

femur

98
Q

B

A

posterior cruciate ligament

99
Q

C

A

anterior cruciate ligament

100
Q

D

A

tibia

101
Q

E

A

quadriceps tendon

102
Q

F

A

suprapatellar bursa

103
Q

G

A

patella

104
Q

H

A

prepatellar bursa

105
Q

I

A

synovial cavity

106
Q

J

A

infrapatellar bursa

107
Q

K

A

patellar ligament

108
Q

What are the classes of joints

A

synarthroses
amphiarthroses
diarthroses

109
Q

what are synarthrotic/fibrous joints

A

non movable
most fibrous joints
innelastic connective tissue
lack of joint cavity
i.e. cranial sutures, gomphoses (articulation of tooth in alveolus), syndesmoses (ligaments holding joint together)

110
Q

what are amphiarthrotic joints

A

semi movable
mostly cartilaginous
i.e. intervertebral discs

111
Q

what are diarthrotic joints

A

freely moveable joints
synovial joints

112
Q

what are cartilaginous joints

A

formed by cartilage and usually semimoveable

113
Q

what are synchondroses

A

joints
mostly unmoveable-synarthrotic
hyaline cartilage
i.e. costal cartilage and epiphyseal plate

114
Q

what are symphyses

A

joints
shock absorber and limited movement-amphiarthrotic

115
Q

what are synovial joints

A

moveable
diarthroses
most joints of the body

116
Q

what state are tendons when muscle is relaxed

A

tendons are tight

117
Q

what state are tendons when the muscle is active

A

tendons are not tight

118
Q

what is a tendon sheath

A

elongated bursa that wraps around tendon

119
Q

what is Osgood Schalatter’s

A

disease that mainly affects boys that excercize too much
pull on patellar tendon on tibial tuberosity
build extra bone that tears patellar tendon

120
Q

A

A

synovial cavity

121
Q

B

A

acetabulum

122
Q

C

A

ligamentum teres

123
Q

D

A

articular capsule

124
Q

A

A

iliofemoral ligament

125
Q

B

A

pubofemoral ligament

126
Q

C

A

ischiofemoral ligament

127
Q

what is arthritis

A

inflammation of the joints

128
Q

what is osteoarthritis

A

deterioration of the articular cartilage (by age, stress, inury) which then leads to the formation of calcifications or bone spurs
little actual inflammation occurs

129
Q

what is rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune disease
severe inflammation
pain
fibrous tissue stiffness and may ossify to immobilize joint

130
Q

what is gouty arthritis

A

genetic disorder in the ability to metabolize uric acid
uric acid crystals build up in the soft joint tissues and causes their inflammation and destruction
usually men

131
Q

what is a sprain

A

twisting of the joint with stretching or tearing of ligaments

132
Q

what is a strain

A

a pulling of a muscle tendon and other connective tissues in muscles, but not the joint tissues

133
Q

what is luxation/dislocation

A

a bone pulls away from its position in the socket of the joint

134
Q

what is subluxation

A

partial dislocation

135
Q

what is separation

A

when the fibrous tissue in syndesmosis stretches or tears

A & P (23 decks)

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