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A & P > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the integumentary system

A

protection
defense
sensation
secretion of pre-vitamin D
thermoregulation (sweat)
blood resevoir
excretion of electrolytes

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2
Q

what is another term for subcutaneous fat layer

A

hypodermis

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3
Q

is the hypodermis a part of the skin

A

no

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4
Q

What is the majoirty of epidermal cells

A

keratinocytes- make keratin

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5
Q

what is meant by healthy mitotic state in epidermis

A

the keratinocytes live 25-45 days
get replaced

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6
Q

what are melanocytes and where are they

A

make melanin
located on basal layer of epidermis

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7
Q

what do melanocytes do

A

secrete melanin granules that percolate upward
absorb UV radiation

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8
Q

what do merkel cells do

A

sensory receptor (only one in epidermis)

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9
Q

where are merkel cells located

A

basal layer of epidermis

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10
Q

what are Langerhan’s cells

A

dendritic cells
macrophages in epidermis

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11
Q

what are the epidermal layers in order from top to bottom

A

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum (if thick skin)
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

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12
Q

what are the characteristics of the stratum corneum

A

flattened, thick keratinized cells

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13
Q

what does stratum corneum do

A

natural exfoliation
dead cells dump keratin

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14
Q

what are the characteristics of stratum lucidum

A

only in thick/hairless skin
shows bright pink above granulosum

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15
Q

what are the characteristics of stratum granulosum

A

dark landmark layer
cells begin to flatten, lose their organelles, their plasma membrane thickens
purple granules

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16
Q

characteristics of stratum spinosum

A

point looking cells with spindle fibers
major layer of live cells
resists tension

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17
Q

characteristics of stratum basale

A

basement layer
constant mitosis here
dark blobs on slide

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18
Q

name what can cause cancer through the integumentary system

A

UV radiation

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19
Q

what are the types of radiation and what do they do

A

UVA- skin aging
UVB- skin cancer; sunburns

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20
Q

explain squamous cell carcinoma

A

develops in stratum spinosa
there is some kind of failure of apoptosis leaving cells around too long to get exposed to environment

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21
Q

explain basal cell carcinoma

A

abnormal growth of basal cells
usually dont metastisize for a long time

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22
Q

explain melanoma

A

can be in tissue never exposed to sun
cancer of melanocytes
systemic reaction to radiation
very malicious; often metastisizes to other organs

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23
Q

What comprises the dermis

A

fibroblasts
fibers
mast cells
WBCs

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24
Q

what are the two layers of the dermis

A

papillary
reticular

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25
Q

what is the papillary layer of the dermis made of

A

areolar connective tissue

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26
Q

describe the papillary layer of dermis

A

very thin layer
vary vascularized
has meissner’s corpuscles papilla
dermal ridges form epidermal ridges which include fingerprints

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27
Q

what is the reticular layer of the dermis made of

A

dense irregular CT

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28
Q

what are cleavage lines

A

affect how incision gapes

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29
Q

what are flexure lines

A

folds around joints

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30
Q

what are the types of sudoriferous (non specified sweat gland)

A

eccrine
apocrine
ceruminous
mammary

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31
Q

what are sudoriferous sweat glands made of

A

simple cuboidal ET

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32
Q

what mode of secretion do all sudoriferous sweat glands use

A

merocrine

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33
Q

describe eccrine sweat gland

A

most common
has own pore on surface of skin
used for thermoregulation and keeps microbes at bay

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34
Q

describe apocrine sweat gland

A

dont secrete until puberty
axilla and anogenital regions
attached to hair follicles/empties into follicle duct
made of a lot fo lipids and keratinocytes
acne when clogged

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35
Q

what is ceruminous sweat gland

A

earwax

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36
Q

what is mammary sweat gland

A

specialized

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37
Q

describe sebaceous glands

A

secrete sebum with the help of arrector pilli muscle
found everywhere but palms and soles
relatively inactive before puberty

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38
Q

how many nerve endings in integumentary system

A

numerous

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39
Q

what are merkle cells

A

light touch receptor where hair is

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40
Q

what are meissner’s corpuscles

A

light touch in hairless areas
located in dermal papilla

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41
Q

what is the arrector pili

A

muscle
hair stands on end; connected to hair follicle
helps to secrete sebum into follicle from sebaceous glands

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42
Q

what are pancinian corpuscles

A

intial pressure sensation and sensation of vibration
deep touch

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43
Q

what does sebum do

A

protects skin
makes skin soft
waterproofing

44
Q

what is wrapped around a hair bulb of follicle

A

nerve endings

45
Q

where are merkel cells found

A

epidermis

46
Q

what is the root hair plexus

A

light touch receptor in hairy areas

47
Q

why dont meissner’s corpuscles stain well

A

high lipid content of myelin casing

48
Q

where is the pancinian corpuscle located

A

deep in skin usually hypodermis

49
Q

what do free nerve endings do

A

detect pain and temperature

50
Q

what is ruffini’s recpetor

A

ongoing pressure

51
Q

where are blood vessels in integumentary system

A

in superficial layer of dermis (CT)
none in epidermis (ET)
bigger BVs deeper in dermis

52
Q

funtion of hair

A

no: surface protection, insulation (evolutionary situation)
detects insects and other particles
is a sensory organ (bending hairs)
aids in thermoregulation with the arrector pili muscles

53
Q

what is the anatomy of a hair follicle

A

core= papilla
matrix covers papilla
cortex covers matrix and medulla (where hair is)
sheath surrounds it all
cuticle= outermost single layer of keratinized cells

54
Q

how do nails grown

A

the same as hair

55
Q

what stratum layer of the epidermis is a landmark

A

statum granulosum because of keratin granules

56
Q

what is the function of the dermal papillae

A

increase surface area
vascularized to feed epidermis
holds dermis and epidermis together/gives tissue more resistance

57
Q

what type of tissue is the arrector pili made of

A

smooth muscle tissue

58
Q

how do you distinguish between sweat and oil glands on a slide

A

oil glands hang off of hair follicle
sweat glands looke like tubes or hose

59
Q

what are sweat glands made of

A

stratified cuboidal ET

60
Q

what tissue lines the hair follicle

A

stratified squamous ET

61
Q

why are epithelial membranes considered simple organs

A

they are made up of 2 or more tissues: 2 layers of ET and 2 layers of CT

62
Q

A

A

stratum corneum

63
Q

B

A

stratum lucidum

64
Q

C

A

stratum granulosum

65
Q

D

A

stratum spinosum

66
Q

E

A

dermal papilla

67
Q

F

A

stratum basale

68
Q

G

A

meissner’s corpuscle

69
Q

H

A

hair bulb

70
Q

I

A

pancinian corpuscle

71
Q

J

A

hair papilla

72
Q

K

A

sweat gland

73
Q

L

A

duct

74
Q

N

A

hair follicle

75
Q

O

A

arrector pili

76
Q

P

A

free nerve endings

77
Q

Q

A

hair shaft

78
Q

R

A

sebaceous gland

79
Q

A

A

sebaceous gland

80
Q

B

A

hair

81
Q

C

A

sweat or sudorferous gland

82
Q

A

A

sebaceous gland

83
Q

B

A

arrector pili

84
Q

C

A

sweat or sudorferous gland

85
Q

A

A

stratum corneum

86
Q

B

A

stratum lucidum

87
Q

C

A

stratum granulosum

88
Q

D

A

stratum spinosum

89
Q

E

A

stratum basale

90
Q

F

A

dermis

91
Q

G

A

dead keratinocytes

92
Q

H

A

lamellar granules

93
Q

I

A

keratinocyte

94
Q

J

A

Langerhans cell

95
Q

K

A

melanocyte

96
Q

L

A

merkel cell

97
Q

M

A

sensory neuron

98
Q

A

A

stratum corneum

99
Q

B

A

stratum lucidum

100
Q

C

A

stratum granulosum

101
Q

D

A

stratum spinosum

102
Q

E

A

stratum basale

103
Q

F

A

meissner’s corpuscle

104
Q

what is this cutaneous feature

A

pancinian corpuscle

105
Q

what is this cutaneous feature

A

sudorferous gland (sweat gland)

106
Q

Is this thick or thin skin?

A

thick

107
Q

Is this thick or thin skin?

A

thin

A & P (23 decks)

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