Integumentary System Flashcards
Functions of the integumentary system
protection
defense
sensation
secretion of pre-vitamin D
thermoregulation (sweat)
blood resevoir
excretion of electrolytes
what is another term for subcutaneous fat layer
hypodermis
is the hypodermis a part of the skin
no
What is the majoirty of epidermal cells
keratinocytes- make keratin
what is meant by healthy mitotic state in epidermis
the keratinocytes live 25-45 days
get replaced
what are melanocytes and where are they
make melanin
located on basal layer of epidermis
what do melanocytes do
secrete melanin granules that percolate upward
absorb UV radiation
what do merkel cells do
sensory receptor (only one in epidermis)
where are merkel cells located
basal layer of epidermis
what are Langerhan’s cells
dendritic cells
macrophages in epidermis
what are the epidermal layers in order from top to bottom
stratum corneum
stratum lucidum (if thick skin)
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
what are the characteristics of the stratum corneum
flattened, thick keratinized cells
what does stratum corneum do
natural exfoliation
dead cells dump keratin
what are the characteristics of stratum lucidum
only in thick/hairless skin
shows bright pink above granulosum
what are the characteristics of stratum granulosum
dark landmark layer
cells begin to flatten, lose their organelles, their plasma membrane thickens
purple granules
characteristics of stratum spinosum
point looking cells with spindle fibers
major layer of live cells
resists tension
characteristics of stratum basale
basement layer
constant mitosis here
dark blobs on slide
name what can cause cancer through the integumentary system
UV radiation
what are the types of radiation and what do they do
UVA- skin aging
UVB- skin cancer; sunburns
explain squamous cell carcinoma
develops in stratum spinosa
there is some kind of failure of apoptosis leaving cells around too long to get exposed to environment
explain basal cell carcinoma
abnormal growth of basal cells
usually dont metastisize for a long time
explain melanoma
can be in tissue never exposed to sun
cancer of melanocytes
systemic reaction to radiation
very malicious; often metastisizes to other organs
What comprises the dermis
fibroblasts
fibers
mast cells
WBCs
what are the two layers of the dermis
papillary
reticular
what is the papillary layer of the dermis made of
areolar connective tissue
describe the papillary layer of dermis
very thin layer
vary vascularized
has meissner’s corpuscles papilla
dermal ridges form epidermal ridges which include fingerprints
what is the reticular layer of the dermis made of
dense irregular CT
what are cleavage lines
affect how incision gapes
what are flexure lines
folds around joints
what are the types of sudoriferous (non specified sweat gland)
eccrine
apocrine
ceruminous
mammary
what are sudoriferous sweat glands made of
simple cuboidal ET
what mode of secretion do all sudoriferous sweat glands use
merocrine
describe eccrine sweat gland
most common
has own pore on surface of skin
used for thermoregulation and keeps microbes at bay
describe apocrine sweat gland
dont secrete until puberty
axilla and anogenital regions
attached to hair follicles/empties into follicle duct
made of a lot fo lipids and keratinocytes
acne when clogged
what is ceruminous sweat gland
earwax
what is mammary sweat gland
specialized
describe sebaceous glands
secrete sebum with the help of arrector pilli muscle
found everywhere but palms and soles
relatively inactive before puberty
how many nerve endings in integumentary system
numerous
what are merkle cells
light touch receptor where hair is
what are meissner’s corpuscles
light touch in hairless areas
located in dermal papilla
what is the arrector pili
muscle
hair stands on end; connected to hair follicle
helps to secrete sebum into follicle from sebaceous glands
what are pancinian corpuscles
intial pressure sensation and sensation of vibration
deep touch
what does sebum do
protects skin
makes skin soft
waterproofing
what is wrapped around a hair bulb of follicle
nerve endings
where are merkel cells found
epidermis
what is the root hair plexus
light touch receptor in hairy areas
why dont meissner’s corpuscles stain well
high lipid content of myelin casing
where is the pancinian corpuscle located
deep in skin usually hypodermis
what do free nerve endings do
detect pain and temperature
what is ruffini’s recpetor
ongoing pressure
where are blood vessels in integumentary system
in superficial layer of dermis (CT)
none in epidermis (ET)
bigger BVs deeper in dermis
funtion of hair
no: surface protection, insulation (evolutionary situation)
detects insects and other particles
is a sensory organ (bending hairs)
aids in thermoregulation with the arrector pili muscles
what is the anatomy of a hair follicle
core= papilla
matrix covers papilla
cortex covers matrix and medulla (where hair is)
sheath surrounds it all
cuticle= outermost single layer of keratinized cells
how do nails grown
the same as hair
what stratum layer of the epidermis is a landmark
statum granulosum because of keratin granules
what is the function of the dermal papillae
increase surface area
vascularized to feed epidermis
holds dermis and epidermis together/gives tissue more resistance
what type of tissue is the arrector pili made of
smooth muscle tissue
how do you distinguish between sweat and oil glands on a slide
oil glands hang off of hair follicle
sweat glands looke like tubes or hose
what are sweat glands made of
stratified cuboidal ET
what tissue lines the hair follicle
stratified squamous ET
why are epithelial membranes considered simple organs
they are made up of 2 or more tissues: 2 layers of ET and 2 layers of CT
A
stratum corneum
B
stratum lucidum
C
stratum granulosum
D
stratum spinosum
E
dermal papilla
F
stratum basale
G
meissner’s corpuscle
H
hair bulb
I
pancinian corpuscle
J
hair papilla
K
sweat gland
L
duct
N
hair follicle
O
arrector pili
P
free nerve endings
Q
hair shaft
R
sebaceous gland
A
sebaceous gland
B
hair
C
sweat or sudorferous gland
A
sebaceous gland
B
arrector pili
C
sweat or sudorferous gland
A
stratum corneum
B
stratum lucidum
C
stratum granulosum
D
stratum spinosum
E
stratum basale
F
dermis
G
dead keratinocytes
H
lamellar granules
I
keratinocyte
J
Langerhans cell
K
melanocyte
L
merkel cell
M
sensory neuron
A
stratum corneum
B
stratum lucidum
C
stratum granulosum
D
stratum spinosum
E
stratum basale
F
meissner’s corpuscle
what is this cutaneous feature
pancinian corpuscle
what is this cutaneous feature
sudorferous gland (sweat gland)
Is this thick or thin skin?
thick
Is this thick or thin skin?
thin
