Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A & P > Bone Histology/Intro to Skeletal System > Flashcards

Bone Histology/Intro to Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the skeleton is highlighted? Name some parts of it.

A

Axial skeleton. Skull, vertebral column, ribcage, sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What part of the skeleton is highlighted? Name some parts of it.

A

Appendicular skeleton. Bones within upper and lower limbs, including pectoral and pelvic girdles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is A

A

Epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is B

A

Articular Cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is C

A

Diaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is D

A

Nutrient Artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is E

A

Spongy Bone/cancellous bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is F

A

Periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is G

A

Epiphyseal line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is H

A

Compact bone/dense bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is i/I

A

Medullary Cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is J

A

Red Bone Marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is K

A

Yellow Bone Marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is L

A

Endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is A

A

Osteocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is B

A

Canaliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is C

A

Lacuna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is D

A

Periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is E

A

Central Canal/Haversian Canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is F

A

Perforating Canal/Volkmann’s Canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is G

A

Periosteal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is H

A

Periosteal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is i/I

A

Compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is J

A

Spongy Bone/cancellous bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is K

A

Traberculae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is L

A

Medullary cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is M

A

Lymphatic vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is N

A

Osteon/Haversian system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is O

A

Lamellae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is P

A

Where red bone marrow is found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Hyaline Cartilage in the skeleton: name where

A

Ribs, tip of nose, articular cartilage, embryonic skeleton, growth plates, trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Fibrocartilage in the skeleton: name where

A

Intervertebral discs, meniscus of knee, pubic symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Elastic Cartilage in the skeleton: name where

A

Pinna, epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What bone has a long central shaft? What is that shaft called?

A

Long bones. Diaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the real name of “growth plates?”

A

Epiphyseal plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are epiphyseal plates made of? What population’s bones are these plates in?

A

Hyaline cartilage. Growing children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What does a “growth plate” turn into before completely disappearing

A

Epiphyseal line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What bones are cube shaped? Where are they found?

A

Short bones. Ankle and wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What bones are flat and usually curved? Where are they?

A

Flat bones. Cranial skull bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are bones called when they are not shaped like any other? What are some?

A

Irregular bones. Hip bones and vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

2 reasons why cartilage is important to skeletal system

A

anatomical structures
bone growth is dependent on it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

where is hyaline cartilage found in the skeleton

A

articular cartilage
costal
in respiratory tubes so they don’t collapse
nose
growth plates
fetal skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what part of the skeleton is elastic cartilage

A

pinna of ear
epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what part of the skeleton is fibrocartilage

A

knee meniscus
intervertebral discs
pubic symphysis

45
Q

what is the purpose of the pubic symphysis

A

ability to walk and childbirth

46
Q

is a bone an organ

A

YES

47
Q

what can a bone do when broken because it is vascularized

A

hemorrhage

48
Q

what is the function of the skeletal system

A

support body
protection
movement
mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus)
hematopoises

49
Q

where is cortical/compact bone found

A

outer most layer of all bones

50
Q

where is spongy/cancellous/trabecullar bone found

A

it is the porous bony tissue in middle of bones

51
Q

what is the membrane on the outside of bone called

A

periosteum

52
Q

what is the periosteum made of (inner and outer layers of it)

A

outer layer is dense irregularCT
inner layer composed of osteoblasts/osteroclasts

53
Q

what are sharpey’s fibers

A

in healthy/uninjured bone, teather periosteum to bone. Made of collagen fibers

54
Q

what is inside the medullary cavity

A

red marrow
yellow marrow

55
Q

what is red marrow, found in the medullary cavity

A

hematopoietic tissue in long bones and diploe (skull and hip)
child bones

56
Q

what is yellow marrow, found in the medullary cavity

A

fat containing
in majority of adult bones
found in skull, sternum, ribs, and hips

57
Q

what is the periosterum like layer that lines the medullary cavity and trabeculae

A

endosteum

58
Q

what is the nutrient foramen on a bone

A

hole through the periosteum into the diaphysis for nutrient blood vessels and nerves

59
Q

what is appositional bone growth

A

the increase in the diameter of bones by the addition of bone tissue at the surface of bones

60
Q

what part of the bone builds appositionally to add thick bone matrix and contour it during childhood into adulthood

A

epiphyseal plates or growth plates

61
Q

where are osteoblasts and cytes found

A

directly under the periosteum

62
Q

what do osteoblasts do

A

make osteoid bone matrix (build)

63
Q

where do osteocytes come from

A

mature osteoblasts after migrating to lacunae

64
Q

what is the osteoid or matrix made of

A

collagen fibers and ground substance

65
Q

what is considered the inorganic matrix of a bone

A

osteoclasts and their relationship to calcium and phosphorus

66
Q

what are osteogenitor cells

A

derived from mesenchyme, differentiate into osteoblasts; stem cells

67
Q

where do osteoclasts come from

A

derived from monocytes (which are prepubecent macrophages)

68
Q

what is the most important molecule for a teenager’s growth and development

A

parathyroid hormone PTH

69
Q

what runs through the haversian canal

A

vessels and nerves

70
Q

which direction do volksmans canals run

A

perpendicular to osteons

71
Q

which is the main canal of BT

A

haversians canal that is in the center of a haversian system

72
Q

which canal brings blood vessels and nerves from the outside of the bone tissue to inside

A

volksmans

73
Q

what do canaliculi do

A

bring stuff into the lamellae and get rid of waste (lamellae are the rings)

74
Q

what are the steps to getting osteocytes nourished

A

nutrient entrance through the volksmans canal from outside the BT
up through the haversian canal
to the canaliculi
and then the cells relay the nutrients via gap junctions

75
Q

what are the modes of bone formation

A

intramembranous ossification
endochondral ossificaiton

76
Q

what is intramembranous ossification

A

ossified fibrous connective tissue; made of fibrous connective tissue initially
found in the cranium (sans base of occipital), clavical (first bone to begin to ossify, but last bone to full ossify)

77
Q

why do we need the connective tissue and cartilage to ossify from

A

osteroblasts need fiber struts to lay the minerals, collagen, and ground substance and to set up osteocytes

78
Q

how do we make most of our bones

A

endochondral ossification

79
Q

what does endochondral ossification make up

A

all bones except for the superior half of the occipital

80
Q

what is endochondral ossification made of and explain bone collar

A

hyaline cartilage at 8 weeks osteoblasts begin to produce a thin layer of bone around cartilage which is called the bone collar

81
Q

how is the marrow cavity formed in endochondral bones

A

with calcification, cells in the center of cartilage (pre-bone) become walled off causing their nutrient supply to die creating a cavity

82
Q

what is achondroplasia

A

it affects endochondral ossification as there isnt eough chondrocytes for bone to be made from leading to less appositional growth (bulking of bone and contouring)

83
Q

how does the anterior fontanel ossify

A

intramembranous ossification

84
Q

describe the mechanism of intramembranous ossification

A

fibrous struts layed down and then ossified

85
Q

what is the metopic suture of the skull

A

present at birth and completely goes away making the frontal bone

86
Q

what is a leading cause of cerebral palsy that happens during birth

A

forceps crush fontanels

87
Q

how often is cortical bone replaced

A

every 10 years but slows down overtime

88
Q

how often does trabecullar bone get replaced

A

3 to 4 years

89
Q

what is wolfs law

A

bone remodeling happends based on stressors to bone (weight baring exercize)

90
Q

what happens when a bone fractures

A

damage to blood vessels which can lead to hematomas
fibroblasts lay down fibers to repair the tissue insult leaving a bony callus

91
Q

what diseases are associated with vitamin D deficeincy

A

ricket in children
osteomalacia in adults

92
Q

what is growth hormone from the anterior pituitary for

A

necessary for normal growth and development of the skeleton and other tissues

93
Q

what happens if there is hyposecretion of growth hormone

A

dwarfism

94
Q

what happens if there is hypersecretion of growth hormone

A

gigantism

95
Q

what do thyroid hormones do

A

regulate metabolism of most cells including those in bone

96
Q

what does testosterone do

A

androgens are important for growth in mass and density of bone. necessary to both male and female

97
Q

what is estrogen for

A

important for growth in length of bone and for bone maintenance. necessary in man and woman

98
Q

what is parathyroid hormone

A

primary hormone in calcium homeostasis; responds to blood calcium

99
Q

what are the 3 functions of parathyroid hormone

A

increased vitamin D3 production (without this vitamin calcium is not reabsorbed to any great degree)
increased reabsorbtion of calcium in the kidney
resportion of bone

100
Q

where does calcitonin come from

A

secreted by the thyroid parafollicular cells (not same as parathyroid glands)

101
Q

what does calcitonin do in children

A

increases calcium deposited in bone for growth
not normally in adults

102
Q

what is osteoporosis

A

demineralization of bone
anyone can get it without weight baring exercize

103
Q

as for treatments for osteoporosis what is not considered a safe option (misconception)

A

HRT (hormone replacement therapy like in postmenopausal women to try to prevent bone loss)

104
Q

why is calcitonin supplements still given to thos with osteroporosis even though it doesnt really work

A

because they just throw anything at it as there isnt much that can be done

105
Q

where are long bones found

A

arms, legs, clavical, metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges

106
Q

where are flat bones found

A

sternum, ribs, scapula, craniums

107
Q

where are short bones

A

carpals and tarsals (boxy shaped)

108
Q

where are irregular bones found

A

vertebrae and os coxae

109
Q

what are sesamoid bones

A

bone arrises in middle of other tissue like tendons and ligaments like the knee cap

A & P (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions