Muscle physiology/missing muscles for lecture Flashcards by Logan Rochford

Q

define muscle tension

A

muscle force exerted on object

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Q

define isotonic contraction

A

tension develops and the object or load is moved

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Q

define isomeric contraction

A

tension develops but the object doesnt move

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Q

define muscle tone

A

continuous partial contractions

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Q

example of muscle tension

A

muscle of hand holding a 30lb ball above head

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Q

example of isotonic contraction

A

adult successfully lifted the ball over their head; weight lifting

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Q

example of isomeric contraction

A

a 3 year old tries to lift the ball but cant; when can’t move anymore weights; myofilaments try to slide but cant

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Q

what is the purpose of muscle tone

A

so body is in contant readiness for movement

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Q

what is the purpose of aerobic/endurance training

A

get more red fibers, greater blood supply to muscles= more O2 and # of mitochondria, increased metabolism, improved digestion and skeletal strength

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Q

what is the purpose of resistance training

A

get more white fibers, isometric exercise that increase muscle size (increases diameter of individual muscle cells)

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Q

what are tendons

A

attaches muscle to bone

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Q

what are aponeuroses

A

broad, flat, tendinous attachment

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Q

what is the origin

A

more axial or fixed point of attachment

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Q

what is the insertion

A

more appendicular or moveable point of attachment

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Q

what is the relationship between origin and insertion

A

muscle action pulls insertion toward the origin

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Q

muscles push or pull

A

only pull

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Q

list the types of arrangements of fascicles

A

parallel
circular
fusiform
pennate (uni, bi, multi)
convergent

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Q

describe parallel arrangement of fascicles

A

fibers run longitudinally; shorten a lot but not real strong

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Q

describe circular arrangement of fascicles

A

concentric rings; sphincters

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Q

describe fusiform arrangement of fascicles

A

like parallel but is spindle shaped

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Q

describe pennate arrangement of fascicles

A

short, oblique attachements to central tendon; most powerful becuase most fibers dont shorten much

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Q

describe convergent arrangement of fascicles

A

broad origin and converges to single tendon

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Q

name arrangement A

A

convergent

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Q

name arrangement B

A

circular

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Q

name arrangement C

A

multipennate

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Q

name arrangement D

A

fusiform

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Q

name arrangement E

A

bipennate

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Q

name arrangement F

A

unipennate

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Q

name arrangement G

A

parallel

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Q

name the arrangement A

A

fusiform

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Q

name the arrangement B

A

parallel

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Q

name the arrangement C

A

bipennate

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Q

name the arrangement D

A

unipennate

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Q

name the arrangement E

A

convergent

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Q

name the arrangement F

A

circular

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Q

A

platysma

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Q

OIA

A

Q

A

A

Q

B

A

Q

C

A

Q

D

A

Q

E

A

Q

F

A

Q

Muscle

A

Q

action

A

Q

A

A

Q

B

A

Q

C

A

Q

OIA

A

Q

A: action as synergist in respiration

A

Q

B: action as synergist in respiration

A

Q

name the muscle grouping

A

scalenes

Q

what is the gluteus maximus important for

A

climbing, squatting, running, but NOT walking

Q

A

tibialis posterior

Q

A

A

Q

B

A

Q

C

A

Q

D

A

Q

E

A

Q

A

A

Q

B

A

Q

C

A

Q

A

plantaris

Q

?

A

pectineus

Q

A

A

Q

B

A

Q

C

A

Q

A

plantaris

Q

A

A

Q

B

A

Q

C

A

Q

A

A

Q

B

A

Q

A

peroneus tertius

Q

OIA

A

Q

OIA

A

Q

A

A

Q

B

A

Q

C

A

Q

D

A

Q

E

A

Q

OIA

A

Q

OIA

A

Q

OIA

A

Q

OIA long head

A

Q

OIA short head

A

Q

OIA

A

Q

OIA

A

Q

OIA

A

Q

OIA

A

Q

OIA

A