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GAP > Skeletal System lecture 5 > Flashcards

Skeletal System lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the skeletal system?

A

ridged framework of the body that includes bones, joints, and cartilage tissue

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2
Q

main function of bone?

A

provide support and protection

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3
Q

what does musculoskeletal mean?

A

combination of muscular and skeletal system

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4
Q

Bone tissue

A

compromised of cells and matrix

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5
Q

Osteon contains?

A

Central Canal
Concentric Lamellae
Lacunae
Canaliculi

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6
Q

Central Canal

A

vessels and nerves

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7
Q

Concentric Lamellae

A

rings of matrix

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8
Q

Lacunae

A

cave in matrix containing blood cells

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9
Q

Canaliculi

A

nutrients and waste exchange(canals)

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10
Q

Osteocytes

A

direct activity of other cells

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11
Q

Osteoclasts

A

bone cells dissolve matrix

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12
Q

Osteoblasts

A

bone cells build bones

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13
Q

Matrix of bone consists of?

A

organic and inorganic components

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14
Q

what function does collagen provide to bone?

A

strength and flexibility

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15
Q

organic components in matrix of bone?

A

collagen, proteoglycans, glycoproteins

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16
Q

Inorganic components in matrix of bone?

A

Hydroxyapatite

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17
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A

combination of calcium phosphate & calcium hydroxide

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18
Q

Function of hydroxyapatite?

A

rigidity

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19
Q

Types of Cartilaginous tissue in bone

A

Hyaline
fibrocartilage

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20
Q

Function of Hyaline cartilage in bone

A

give form and absorb shock (end of long bones)

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21
Q

Function of fibrocartilage in bone?

A

resisting tension and compression (in meniscus of knee and intervertebral disc)

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22
Q

4 classification of bone shape?

A

Flat- external skull
Long- femur/ulna
Short- carpal/tarsal
Irregular- vertebrae

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23
Q

Bone classification by region

A

Axial- skull/vertebral column
Appendicular- extremities/arms

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24
Q

pectoral girdle compromised of?

A

scapula and clavicle
(appendicular bone)

25
Q

Coxal bones of pelvis are?

A

Appendicular bones

26
Q

Sacrum and Coccyx are?

A

Axial

27
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of bone

28
Q

Epiphysis

A

bone head, makes more diaphysis

28
Q

Epiphyseal Plate

A

growth at the two ends of long bones

29
Q

Epiphyseal Line

A

line where growth plate close, done growing

29
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

opening in diaphysis, makes bone lighter,
contains bone marrow (red or yellow-adults)

30
Q

Periosteum

A

tough outer covering, mostly connective tissue

31
Q

Endosteum

A

inside membrane covering the surface of medullary cavity

32
Q

Compact bone

A

superficial aspect of all types of bone, thick in diaphysis, thin in epiphyseal

33
Q

Sponge Bone

A

forms in deeper portions of bones, honeycombed appearance

34
Q

Function of spongey bone?

A

for creation of marrow, lighten bone, use less energy

35
Q

Red Bone Marrow

A

Makes all blood cells (red, white, and platelet)
found in spongey bones

36
Q

Yellow Bone Marrow

A

Found- in medullary cavity in diaphysis of long bone in adults
contains- adipose (fat), function- store energy

36
Q

When connective tissue become bone tissue

A

Ossification

36
Q

Osteogenesis

A

another term for bone creation

37
Q

Endochondral Ossification (within cartilage)

A

bone formation from Hyaline cartilage (long bones)

38
Q

Intramembranous Ossification
(within membrane)

A

forms flat bones from membranous mesenchymal tissue

39
Q

Wolffs Law

A

Bone continues to adapt according to stress placed on it
more stress, thicker/harder
less stress, weaker

40
Q

Interstitial Bone Growth

A

bone grows lengthwise to get longer

41
Q

Appositional bone growth

A

bones become wider and thicker ( WOLFFs LAW)

42
Q

Growth Hormone

A

released by the anterior pituitary stimulates bone growth(child)

43
Q

Thyroid hormone

A

increases the metabolic rate of bone cells and permits normal growth

44
Q

Gonadal Hormones

A

estrogen and testosterone speeds growth at puberty, signal for closure of epiphyseal plate

44
Q

stores calcium acts as calcium “ bank”

A

Bones

44
Q

responds to hormones that control blood calcium?

A

Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts

44
Q

normal blood calcium

A

9 - 11 mg

45
Q

what happens when calcium in blood is low?

A

Parathyroid hormone is released, osteoclasts resorbs calcium in bone to blood stream

45
Q

what happens when calcium in blood is high?

A

Calcitonin is released by thyroid, osteoclasts activity slows down, calcium is slowly released into bloodstream

46
Q

Secondary bone cancers

A

result from metastasis(spread) of a tumor
ex: breast, lung, and prostate cancer

47
Q

Pituitary Dwarism

A

lack of growth hormone/thyroid hormone reducing normal bone growth (smaller than average body but remain proportioned in size)

48
Q

Achondroplasia

A

most common variety of dwarfism, affects mainly long bones

49
Q

Gigantism

A

hypersecretion of growth hormone before epiphyseal plate closure

50
Q

Acromegaly

A

result form hypersecretion of growth hormone after epiphyseal plate closure

51
Q

What does aging do to the bones?

A

collagen decrease bones become brittle, lose calcium, loss of bone mass

GAP (41 decks)

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