Skeletal System lecture 5

Question 1

What is the skeletal system?

Answer 1

ridged framework of the body that includes bones, joints, and cartilage tissue

Question 2

main function of bone?

Answer 2

provide support and protection

Question 3

what does musculoskeletal mean?

Answer 3

combination of muscular and skeletal system

Question 4

Bone tissue

Answer 4

compromised of cells and matrix

Question 5

Osteon contains?

Answer 5

Central Canal
Concentric Lamellae
Lacunae
Canaliculi

Question 6

Central Canal

Answer 6

vessels and nerves

Question 7

Concentric Lamellae

Answer 7

rings of matrix

Question 8

Lacunae

Answer 8

cave in matrix containing blood cells

Question 9

Canaliculi

Answer 9

nutrients and waste exchange(canals)

Question 10

Osteocytes

Answer 10

direct activity of other cells

Question 11

Osteoclasts

Answer 11

bone cells dissolve matrix

Question 12

Osteoblasts

Answer 12

bone cells build bones

Question 13

Matrix of bone consists of?

Answer 13

organic and inorganic components

Question 14

what function does collagen provide to bone?

Answer 14

strength and flexibility

Question 15

organic components in matrix of bone?

Answer 15

collagen, proteoglycans, glycoproteins

Question 16

Inorganic components in matrix of bone?

Answer 16

Hydroxyapatite

Question 17

Hydroxyapatite

Answer 17

combination of calcium phosphate & calcium hydroxide

Question 18

Function of hydroxyapatite?

Answer 18

rigidity

Question 19

Types of Cartilaginous tissue in bone

Answer 19

Hyaline
fibrocartilage

Question 20

Function of Hyaline cartilage in bone

Answer 20

give form and absorb shock (end of long bones)

Question 21

Function of fibrocartilage in bone?

Answer 21

resisting tension and compression (in meniscus of knee and intervertebral disc)

Question 22

4 classification of bone shape?

Answer 22

Flat- external skull
Long- femur/ulna
Short- carpal/tarsal
Irregular- vertebrae

Question 23

Bone classification by region

Answer 23

Axial- skull/vertebral column
Appendicular- extremities/arms

Question 24

pectoral girdle compromised of?

Answer 24

scapula and clavicle
(appendicular bone)

Question 25

Coxal bones of pelvis are?

Answer 25

Appendicular bones

Question 26

Sacrum and Coccyx are?

Answer 26

Axial

Question 27

Diaphysis

Answer 27

Shaft of bone

Question 28

Epiphysis

Answer 28

bone head, makes more diaphysis

Question 28

Epiphyseal Plate

Answer 28

growth at the two ends of long bones

Question 29

Epiphyseal Line

Answer 29

line where growth plate close, done growing

Question 29

Medullary Cavity

Answer 29

opening in diaphysis, makes bone lighter, contains bone marrow (red or yellow-adults)

Question 30

Periosteum

Answer 30

tough outer covering, mostly connective tissue

Question 31

Endosteum

Answer 31

inside membrane covering the surface of medullary cavity

Question 32

Compact bone

Answer 32

superficial aspect of all types of bone, thick in diaphysis, thin in epiphyseal

Question 33

Sponge Bone

Answer 33

forms in deeper portions of bones, honeycombed appearance

Question 34

Function of spongey bone?

Answer 34

for creation of marrow, lighten bone, use less energy

Question 35

Red Bone Marrow

Answer 35

Makes all blood cells (red, white, and platelet) found in spongey bones

Question 36

Yellow Bone Marrow

Answer 36

Found- in medullary cavity in diaphysis of long bone in adults contains- adipose (fat), function- store energy

Question 36

When connective tissue become bone tissue

Answer 36

Ossification

Question 36

Osteogenesis

Answer 36

another term for bone creation

Question 37

Endochondral Ossification (within cartilage)

Answer 37

bone formation from Hyaline cartilage (long bones)

Question 38

Intramembranous Ossification (within membrane)

Answer 38

forms flat bones from membranous mesenchymal tissue

Question 39

Wolffs Law

Answer 39

Bone continues to adapt according to stress placed on it more stress, thicker/harder less stress, weaker

Question 40

Interstitial Bone Growth

Answer 40

bone grows lengthwise to get longer

Question 41

Appositional bone growth

Answer 41

bones become wider and thicker ( WOLFFs LAW)

Question 42

Growth Hormone

Answer 42

released by the anterior pituitary stimulates bone growth(child)

Question 43

Thyroid hormone

Answer 43

increases the metabolic rate of bone cells and permits normal growth

Question 44

Gonadal Hormones

Answer 44

estrogen and testosterone speeds growth at puberty, signal for closure of epiphyseal plate

Question 44

stores calcium acts as calcium " bank"

Answer 44

Bones

Question 44

responds to hormones that control blood calcium?

Answer 44

Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts

Question 44

normal blood calcium

Answer 44

9 - 11 mg

Question 45

what happens when calcium in blood is low?

Answer 45

Parathyroid hormone is released, osteoclasts resorbs calcium in bone to blood stream

Question 45

what happens when calcium in blood is high?

Answer 45

Calcitonin is released by thyroid, osteoclasts activity slows down, calcium is slowly released into bloodstream

Question 46

Secondary bone cancers

Answer 46

result from metastasis(spread) of a tumor ex: breast, lung, and prostate cancer

Question 47

Pituitary Dwarism

Answer 47

lack of growth hormone/thyroid hormone reducing normal bone growth (smaller than average body but remain proportioned in size)

Question 48

Achondroplasia

Answer 48

most common variety of dwarfism, affects mainly long bones

Question 49

Gigantism

Answer 49

hypersecretion of growth hormone before epiphyseal plate closure

Question 50

Acromegaly

Answer 50

result form hypersecretion of growth hormone after epiphyseal plate closure

Question 51

What does aging do to the bones?

Answer 51

collagen decrease bones become brittle, lose calcium, loss of bone mass