Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Introduction to the human body
Anatomy
studies the form and structure of the body
Physiology
examines how the body functions
Six level of the human body
- Chemical
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organ level
- Organ system level
- Organism Level
Chemical Level
Atoms, Molecules, Macromolecules
Atom
Smallest unit of matter
Molecules
one or more combined
Macromolecules
Complex molecules (DNA)
Cells
Smallest living structures
Tissue Level
Groups of similar cells performing common function
Organ level
two or more tissue types performing specific functions
Organ system
related organs working together to achieve common function (digestive system working to digest food)
Organismal level
Highest level
All body systems function interdependently
Axial Region
Head, neck, and trunk (supports life)
Appendicular Region
upper and lower limbs
Dorsal Cavity
Completely encased in bone
Cranial Cavity
formed by bones of the cranium
(houses the brain)
Vertebral Canal
formed by bones of the vertebral column
(houses the spinal cord)
Ventral Cavity
Partitioned into a Superior Thoracic Cavity and Inferior Abdominopelvic Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Mediastinum-contains heart, major blood vessels that connect to the heart
Pleural Cavity- houses lungs
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Abdominal Cavity- Digestive system
Pelvic Cavity- between hip bones, contains large intestines, urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs
Parietal Layer
Lines internal surface of body wall
Visceral Layer
touching the organ
Serous Fluid
Acts as a lubricant, reduces friction between organs
Umbilical Region
Middle region
Epigastric Region
Above the belly button, stomach found here
Hypogastric Region
Below belly button, urinary bladder found here
Hypochondriac Region
liver on right, spleen on left
Lumbar region
Lateral to umbilical, ascending colon on right, descending colon left
Iliac (inguinal) regions
appendix on the right, sigmoid colon on left
Anabolic
reactions are building, consume energy
Catabolic
break materials down, release energy
Metabolism
includes both anabolic and catabolic reactions
Homeostasis
the ability of an organism to maintain consistent internal state (steady state)
Receptor
detects change, responds to a stimulus
Control Center
interprets input from receptor and initiates change
located in nervous and endocrine system
Effector
structure that brings about changes
Negative Feedback
negates any change in the internal environment
ex; body is hot, body tries to cool down with sweat
Positive Feedback
Enhances change in body until back to normal state (homeostasis)
