Urinary Lecture

Question 1

waste removal by

Answer 1

filter blood to remove waste by producing urine

Question 1

Urinary functions

Answer 1

waste removal
electrolyte and pH balance
BP control
Endocrine functions

Question 2

How does the urinary system balance electrolytes?

Answer 2

by controlling loss or return of ions like sodium, potassium, and etc..

Question 3

How does urinary system control BP?

Answer 3

by modifying blood volume

Question 4

what is the endocrine function in urine

Answer 4

release hormone like renin(BP control) and erythropoietin(RBC roductin) in kidneys

Question 5

renal artery and veins cardiac output at rest

Answer 5

1/4 = 1L/min

Question 6

Ureter function

Answer 6

collect urine from kidneys and direct it to the bladder

Question 7

function of adipose tissue around kidney?

Answer 7

cushion, holds in place, and provide energy

Question 8

The bladder and ureter is lined with what tissue?

Answer 8

Transitional Epithelium

Question 9

Detrusor muscle

Answer 9

found in wall of bladder and contracts during urination(void)

Question 10

What is the fundamental unit of the kidney

Answer 10

The Nephron

Question 11

how many nephrons in the kidney

Answer 11

about 1 million

Question 12

3 steps to urine formation

Answer 12

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretions

Question 13

Filtration process

Answer 13

blood flow through glomerulus
water, ions, and waste gets collected by bowman’s capsule then directed through the tubles

Question 14

Reabsorption process

Answer 14

water, ions, and nutrients are returned to the blood

Question 15

Secretion process

Answer 15

selected waste and ions filtrate to be excreted

Question 16

High pressure leaky capillary responsible for filtration?

Answer 16

Glomerulus

Question 17

BP in glomerulus?

Answer 17

55 mmhg

Question 18

Afferent Arteriole supplies glomerulus with?

Answer 18

blood

Question 19

Efferent Arteriole collects bood from?

Answer 19

Glomerulus

Question 20

Fenestrations

Answer 20

opening/holes in glomerulus

Question 21

Podocytes

Answer 21

covers the holes in glomerulus to control leaks

Question 22

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 22

surrounds glomerulus and collects waste

Question 23

where does the waste in bowman’s capsule go?

Answer 23

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 24

first and major site of reabsorption

Answer 24

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 25

what percentage of sodium and water are absorbed by PCT?

Answer 25

65%

Question 26

Loop of Henle

Answer 26

receives filtrate from PCT and has 2 parts

Question 27

Descending loop of henle

Answer 27

reabsorbs 25% of initial filtered water carries filtrate towards medulla of the kidney

Question 28

Ascending loop of henle

Answer 28

reabsorbs 25% of sodium and chloride impermeable to water

Question 29

have short loop of henle

Answer 29

cortical nephrons (85%)

Question 30

Have long loops of henle and absorbs more water

Answer 30

juxtamedullary nephrons (15%)

Question 31

reabsorption at DCT and Collecting duct are controlled by?

Answer 31

Aldosterone and ADH hormone

Question 32

normal glomerular filtration rate(GFR)

Answer 32

120-125ml/min

Question 33

How is GFR estimated?

Answer 33

by measuring blood creatine since it can be filtered but not reabsorbed

Question 34

% of water normally reabsorbed?

Answer 34

99%

Question 35

obligatory reabsorption happens?

Answer 35

in the PCT and descending loop of henle

Question 36

examples of secretion

Answer 36

Urea to filtration H+ and HCO3+ to control blood pH lipid soluble drugs

Question 37

Aldosterone promotes reabsorption of?

Answer 37

Na+ (Sodium)

Question 38

water follow sodium due to?

Answer 38

Osmosis

Question 39

lack of aldosterone causes

Answer 39

water loss

Question 40

Aquaporins

Answer 40

special protein channel for water reabsorption inserted in collecting duct caused by ADH

Question 41

High ADH promotes

Answer 41

water retention increase BV and BP less urine but more concentrated

Question 42

Low ADH promotes

Answer 42

water loss lowers BV and BP cause more and diluted urine