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GAP > Respiratory Lecture > Flashcards

Respiratory Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Function of respiratory system

A

supply body with oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide

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2
Q

Respiratory and cardiovascular process

A

Ventilation
External respiration
Transport
Internal respiration

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3
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A

Nose and nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

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4
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea
Bronchi, Bronchioles, Aveolis
Lungs

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5
Q

Conducting zone

A

Air moving in and out of lungs

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6
Q

Respiratory zone

A

site of external respiration
diffusion of O2 into and CO2 out of the blood

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7
Q

Nose hair function

A

filter air, trap dust, bacteria etc.

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8
Q

Nasal conchae function

A

warm, cleanse, and humidify air

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9
Q

Respiratory mucosa

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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10
Q

Paranasal sinus

A

provide resonance for sound

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11
Q

Pharynx

A

the throat

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12
Q

Nasopharynx

A

pharyngeal tonsils (adeniods)
uvula closes passageway during swallowing

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13
Q

Oropharynx

A

Palatine and lingual tonsil
part of digestive system

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14
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

located above the esophagus

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15
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box

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16
Q

Primary cartilage in lyranx

A

Thyroid cartilage- largest, “Adams apple”
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage-anchor vocal cords

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17
Q

Functions of lyranx cartilages

A

-provide patent airway
-epiglottis cover glottis to divert food away from airway towards esophagus during swallowing
-voice production

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18
Q

Sound production

A

vocal cords vibrate

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19
Q

Trachea

A

lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium, supported by c rings of hyaline cartilage

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20
Q

Types of Bronchus/bronchi

A

Primary- main stem, deliver air to each lung
Secondary- deliver air to each lobe
Tertiary- deliver air to each segment

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21
Q

Bronchioles

A

-smallest airways leading to alveolar duct and alveoli
-diameter controlled by bronchiolar smooth muscle

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22
Q

Asthma

A

reversible bronchospasm from bronchoconstriction response to stimuli

23
Q

Alveoli

A

major structure in the respiratory zone

24
Q

Type 1 alveoli cells

A

lined with simple squamous epithelium for simple diffusion

25
Q

Type 2 alveoli cells

A

produce surfactant to lubricates and reduce surface tension

26
Q

Macrophages

A

keeps lungs clean

27
Q

Respiratory membrane

A

surface between each alveolus and pulmonary capillaries delivering blood

28
Q

Hilum

A

region where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, bronchi and nerves enter each lung

29
Q

how many lobes in right lung

A

3

30
Q

how many lobes in left lung

A

2

31
Q

Pleura

A

serous membrane that surrounds the lungs

32
Q

Visceral pleura

A

touches the lungs

33
Q

Parietal pleura

A

lines thoracic cavity wall, touches the ribs

34
Q

Pleural space

A

small quantity of serous fluid lubricating pleural layers

35
Q

Intrapleural pressure

A

negative pressure to prevent lung collapse

36
Q

Boyles law

A

volume increase, pressure decrease

37
Q

during inspiration phrenic nerve innervates___

A

diaphragm causing it to contract and flatten

38
Q

during expiration, diaphragm ___

A

returns and relaxes to its resting place

39
Q

forced expiration involves what muscles?

A

abdominal and internal intercoastal

40
Q

External respiration
(Lungs to the blood)

A

gas exchange
-diffusion of oxygen towards pulmonary capillaries
-diffusion of carbon dioxide towards Alveolar air

41
Q

Internal respiration
(Blood into the tissue)

A

-diffusion of oxygen towards tissue
- diffusion of carbon dioxide to systemic capapillary

42
Q

Transport of respiratory gases

A

Oxygen- 98.5 carried by hemoglobin
Carbon dioxide- 70% is carried by HCO3

43
Q

At rest what percentage of hemoglobin is saturated?

A

75%

44
Q

Total lung capacity

A

maximum amount of air in lungs

45
Q

Vital Capacity

A

total amount of exchangeable air

46
Q

Tidal Volume

A

amount of air at rest

47
Q

Residual Volume

A

air that remains in lungs after breathing out

48
Q

Primary stimulus for prompting stimulation

A

CO2

49
Q

Involuntary breathing involves

A

medulla oblongata and pons

50
Q

influences breathing due to external stimuli as part of emotional response

A

Hypothalamus

51
Q

Controls voluntary control of breathing

A

Cerebral Cortex

52
Q

As carbon dioxide accumulates in blood, pH__

A

decreases

53
Q

used to adjust plasma pH

A

alterations in ventilations

GAP (41 decks)

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