Respiratory Lecture Flashcards
Function of respiratory system
supply body with oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide
Respiratory and cardiovascular process
Ventilation
External respiration
Transport
Internal respiration
Upper respiratory tract
Nose and nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Lower respiratory tract
Trachea
Bronchi, Bronchioles, Aveolis
Lungs
Conducting zone
Air moving in and out of lungs
Respiratory zone
site of external respiration
diffusion of O2 into and CO2 out of the blood
Nose hair function
filter air, trap dust, bacteria etc.
Nasal conchae function
warm, cleanse, and humidify air
Respiratory mucosa
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Paranasal sinus
provide resonance for sound
Pharynx
the throat
Nasopharynx
pharyngeal tonsils (adeniods)
uvula closes passageway during swallowing
Oropharynx
Palatine and lingual tonsil
part of digestive system
Laryngopharynx
located above the esophagus
Larynx
Voice box
Primary cartilage in lyranx
Thyroid cartilage- largest, “Adams apple”
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage-anchor vocal cords
Functions of lyranx cartilages
-provide patent airway
-epiglottis cover glottis to divert food away from airway towards esophagus during swallowing
-voice production
Sound production
vocal cords vibrate
Trachea
lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium, supported by c rings of hyaline cartilage
Types of Bronchus/bronchi
Primary- main stem, deliver air to each lung
Secondary- deliver air to each lobe
Tertiary- deliver air to each segment
Bronchioles
-smallest airways leading to alveolar duct and alveoli
-diameter controlled by bronchiolar smooth muscle
Asthma
reversible bronchospasm from bronchoconstriction response to stimuli
Alveoli
major structure in the respiratory zone
Type 1 alveoli cells
lined with simple squamous epithelium for simple diffusion
Type 2 alveoli cells
produce surfactant to lubricates and reduce surface tension
Macrophages
keeps lungs clean
Respiratory membrane
surface between each alveolus and pulmonary capillaries delivering blood
Hilum
region where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, bronchi and nerves enter each lung
how many lobes in right lung
3
how many lobes in left lung
2
Pleura
serous membrane that surrounds the lungs
Visceral pleura
touches the lungs
Parietal pleura
lines thoracic cavity wall, touches the ribs
Pleural space
small quantity of serous fluid lubricating pleural layers
Intrapleural pressure
negative pressure to prevent lung collapse
Boyles law
volume increase, pressure decrease
during inspiration phrenic nerve innervates___
diaphragm causing it to contract and flatten
during expiration, diaphragm ___
returns and relaxes to its resting place
forced expiration involves what muscles?
abdominal and internal intercoastal
External respiration
(Lungs to the blood)
gas exchange
-diffusion of oxygen towards pulmonary capillaries
-diffusion of carbon dioxide towards Alveolar air
Internal respiration
(Blood into the tissue)
-diffusion of oxygen towards tissue
- diffusion of carbon dioxide to systemic capapillary
Transport of respiratory gases
Oxygen- 98.5 carried by hemoglobin
Carbon dioxide- 70% is carried by HCO3
At rest what percentage of hemoglobin is saturated?
75%
Total lung capacity
maximum amount of air in lungs
Vital Capacity
total amount of exchangeable air
Tidal Volume
amount of air at rest
Residual Volume
air that remains in lungs after breathing out
Primary stimulus for prompting stimulation
CO2
Involuntary breathing involves
medulla oblongata and pons
influences breathing due to external stimuli as part of emotional response
Hypothalamus
Controls voluntary control of breathing
Cerebral Cortex
As carbon dioxide accumulates in blood, pH__
decreases
used to adjust plasma pH
alterations in ventilations
