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GAP > Cellular respiration and Cytology > Flashcards

Cellular respiration and Cytology Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

membrane that surrounds the cell and controls what come in and out

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2
Q

What makes up plasma membrane?

A

Phospholipids, Cholesterol, Glycolipids

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3
Q

What are Phospholipids made of?

A

2 heads, one head facing out, one facing in, tail on inside

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4
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Hates water

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5
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Loves water

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6
Q

Phospholipid Bilayer

A

where the tails touch each other to create the barrier

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7
Q

Transport Protein

A

Moving substance across the membrane

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8
Q

Cell surface receptors

A

helps distinguish healthy cells from dead or dying cells

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9
Q

Enzyme

A

makes things grow faster

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10
Q

Nucleus

A

Control center of cell, contains DNA for protien production

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11
Q

Cytoplasm

A

cellular content between the nucleus and plasma membrane

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12
Q

Cytosol

A

is the fluid in the cytoplasm

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13
Q

Organelles

A

organized structure within cells

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14
Q

Passive Movement

A

no energy needed, cell to reach equilibrium

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14
Q

Active Process

A

requires energy, will push substances into concentrated areas

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15
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

move base on concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached, for small nonpolar solutes like oxygen, carbon dioxide

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16
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

a protein channel for substances to move through, etc sodium, potassium, glucose

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17
Q

Osmosis

A

When water is moved to reach equilibrium

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18
Q

Transport process for Osmosis

A

water moves from low concentration to high concentration of water

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19
Q

Tonicity

A

ability to change volume or pressure of a cell by osmosis

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20
Q

Isotonic Solution

A

Same concentration inside and outside of cell, no movement of water

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21
Q

Hypotonic Solution

A

water move into the cell, cell gets bigger

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22
Q

Hypertonic Solution

A

water leaves the cell, it will shrink

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23
Q

Primary active transport

A

uses cellular energy from ATP

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24
Q

Sodium-potassium pump

A

3 Na(sodium) out 2 k+(potassium) into the cell

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25
Q

Vesicular transport

A

vesicles(membrane sack) moving substances into or out of the cell

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26
Q

Exocytosis

A

out of the cell

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27
Q

Endocytosis

A

into the cell

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28
Q

What happens in passive process transport of osmosis?

A

Isotonic Solution
Hypotonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution

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29
Q

What happens in Active transport process of osmosis?

A

Primary active transport
Secondary active transport
Vesicular transport

30
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum ER

A

between the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane that is the point of attachment for ribosomes

31
Q

2 Types of ER

A

Rough ER- make proteins
Smooth ER- store lipids

32
Q

Lysosomes and Peroxisomes

A

break things down chemically

32
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

packaging and sorting of proteins(UPS of cells)

32
Q

Mitochondria

A

Power house of cell

33
Q

Ribosomes

A

made in the nucleolus, then shipped out to rough ER

34
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

extension of cell

35
Q

Centrosome

A

Organize microtubules within cytoskeleton

36
Q

Cilia

A

moves thigs along surface of cell

37
Q

Flagella

A

move the cell, only found in sperm

38
Q

Microvilli

A

for absorptions, found in digestive system

39
Q

Nucleus

A

1 cell=1 nucleus, DNA

40
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

allow molecules in and out of nucleus

41
Q

Nucleolus

A

where ribosomes are made

42
Q

Where is DNA located

A

housed in nucleus

43
Q

DNA is composed of

A

-Five-carbon sugar deoxyribose
-A phosphate
-one of four nitrogenous bases( Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine)

44
Q

Chromatin

A

When DNA is divided

45
Q

Chromosomes

A

when DNA is coiled

46
Q

DNA function

A

Transcription- MRNA( copy of DNA)
Translation-ribosome reads code to make a protein

47
Q

two classes of energy

A

Potential- stored energy
Kinetic- energy of motion

48
Q

Chemical Energy

A

what the body uses

49
Q

Chemical reactions

A

chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed

50
Q

Enzymes(proteins)

A

speeds up reaction

51
Q

Glucose

A

primary fuel of energy

52
Q

Glucose Oxidation

A

step by step breakdown of glucose with energy release

53
Q

Stages of glucose oxidation

A

Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Electron transport system

54
Q

Glycolysis

A

in cytoplasm, glucose broken into 2 pyrugetvate, with oxygen turns into 2 sets of ATP+NADH

55
Q

Citric Acid Cycle

A

each pyruvate goes through one cycle(krebscycle), converted to Acytle CoA, end up with 2 ATP

56
Q

Electron transport system

A

ATP=ADP= 32-34 ATP

57
Q

Mitosis

A

nuclear division

58
Q

Meiosis

A

cell division in sex cells

59
Q

cell division

A

one cell divide into two

60
Q

cell cycle

A

when the cell divide into two identical cells called daughter cells

61
Q

2 phase in cell cycle

A

Interphase
Mitotic

62
Q

Interphase

A

prepares for division
g1phase, s phase, g2 phase

63
Q

S phase

A

making a copy of the DNA, split it in 2 cells

64
Q

G1 phase

A

cell growing and forming

65
Q

M Phase (mitotic phase)

A

Nucleus division

66
Q

Cytokinesis

A

division of cytoplasm between 2 new cells

67
Q

Prophase

A

forming centriole, dissolution of nuclear envelope, moving DNA

68
Q

Metaphase

A

lining of chromosomes to equator of cell

69
Q

Anaphase

A

pulls DNA away

70
Q

Telophase

A

Undo prophase
putting DNA back as chromatin, reforming nuclear envelope,
mitotic spindle broken up

GAP (41 decks)

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